Author name code: dravins
ADS astronomy entries on 2022-09-14
author:"Dravins, Dainis"
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Title: CTA – the World's largest ground-based gamma-ray observatory
Authors: Zanin, R.; Abdalla, H.; Abe, H.; Abe, S.; Abusleme, A.;
Acero, F.; Acharyya, A.; Acin Portella, V.; Ackley, K.; Adam, R.;
Adams, C.; Adhikari, S. S.; Aguado Ruesga, I.; Agudo, I.; Aguilera,
R.; Aguirre Santaella, A.; Aharonian, F.; Alberdi, A.; Alfaro, R.;
Alfaro, J.; Alispach, C.; Aloisio, R.; Alves Batista, R.; Amans,
J. P.; Amati, L.; Amato, E.; Ambrogi, L.; Ambrosi, G.; Ambrosio, M.;
Ammendola, R.; Anderson, J.; Anduze, M.; Anguner, E. O.; Antonelli,
L. A.; Antonuccio, V.; Antoranz, P.; Anutarawiramkul, R.; Aragunde
Gutierrez, J.; Aramo, C.; Araudo, A.; Araya, M.; Arbet Engels, A.;
Arcaro, C.; Arendt, V.; Armand, C.; Armstrong, T.; Arqueros, F.;
Arrabito, L.; Arsioli, B.; Artero, M.; Asano, K.; Ascasibar, Y.;
Aschersleben, J.; Ashley, M.; Attina, P.; Aubert, P.; Singh, C. B.;
Baack, D.; Babic, A.; Backes, M.; Baena, V.; Bajtlik, S.; Baktash,
A.; Balazs, C.; Balbo, M.; Ballester, O.; Ballet, J.; Balmaverde, B.;
Bamba, A.; Bandiera, R.; Baquero Larriva, A.; Barai, P.; Barbier, C.;
Barbosa Martins, V.; Barcelo, M.; Barkov, M.; Barnard, M.; Baroncelli,
L.; Barres de Almeida, U.; Barrio, J. A.; Bastieri, D.; Batista, P. I.;
Batkovic, I.; Bauer, C.; Bautista González, R.; Baxter, J.; Becciani,
U.; Becerra González, J.; Becherini, Y.; Beck, G.; Becker Tjus, J.;
Bednarek, W.; Belfiore, A.; Bellizzi, L.; Belmont, R.; Benbow, W.;
Berge, D.; Bernardini, E.; Bernardos, M. I.; Bernlöhr, K.; Berti,
A.; Berton, M.; Bertucci, B.; Beshley, V.; Bhatt, N.; Bhattacharyya,
S.; Bhattacharyya, W.; Bhattacharyya, S.; Bi, B. Y.; Bicknell, G.;
Biederbeck, N.; Bigongiari, C.; Biland, A.; Bird, R.; Bissaldi, E.;
Biteau, J.; Bitossi, M.; Blanch, O.; Blank, M.; Blazek, J.; Bobin,
J.; Boccato, C.; Bocchino, F.; Boehm, C.; Bohacova, M.; Boisson, C.;
Boix, J.; Bolle, J. P.; Bolmont, J.; Bonanno, G.; Bonavolontà, C.;
Bonneau Arbeletche, L.; Bonnoli, G.; Bordas, P.; Borkowski, J.; Bose,
R.; Bose, D.; Bosnjak, Z.; Bottacini, E.; Böttcher, M.; Botticella,
M. T.; Boutonnet, C.; Bouyjou, F.; Bozhilov, V.; Bozzo, E.; Brahimi,
L.; Braiding, C.; Brau Nogue, S.; Breen, S.; Bregeon, J.; Breuhaus,
M.; Brill, A.; Brisken, W.; Brocato, E.; Brown, A. M.; Brügge, K.;
Brun, P.; Brun, F.; Brunetti, L.; Brunetti, G.; Bruno, P.; Bruno,
A.; Bruzzese, A.; Bucciantini, N.; Buckley, J. H.; Bühler, R.;
Bulgarelli, A.; Bulik, T.; Bünning, M.; Bunse, M.; Burton, M.;
Burtovoi, A.; Buscemi, M.; Buschjager, S.; Busetto, G.; Buss, J.;
Byrum, K.; Caccianiga, A.; Cadoux, F.; Calanducci, A.; Calderon,
C.; Calvo Tovar, J.; Cameron, R. A.; Campana, P.; Canestrari, R.;
Cangemi, F.; Cantlay, B.; Capalbi, M.; Capasso, M.; Cappi, M.;
Caproni, A.; Capuzzo Dolcetta, R.; Caraveo, P.; Cárdenas, V.;
Cardiel, L.; Cardillo, M.; Carlile, C.; Caroff, S.; Carosi, R.;
Carosi, A.; Carquin, E.; Carrere, M.; Casandjian, J. M.; Casanova,
S.; Cassol, F.; Catalani, F.; Catalano, O.; Cauz, D.; Ceccanti, A.;
Celestino Silva, C.; Cerny, K.; Cerruti, M.; Chabanne, E.; Chadwick,
P.; Chai, Y.; Chambery, P.; Champion, C.; Chaty, S.; Chen, A.; Cheng,
K.; Chernyakova, M.; Chiaro, G.; Chiavassa, A.; Chikawa, M.; Chitnis,
V. R.; Chudoba, J.; Chytka, L.; Cikota, S.; Circiello, A.; Clark,
P.; Colak, M.; Colombo, E.; Colonges, S.; Comastri, A.; Compagnino,
A.; Conforti, V.; Congiu, E.; Coniglione, R.; Conrad, J.; Conte,
F.; Contreras, J. L.; Coppi, P.; Cornat, R.; Coronado Blazquez,
J.; Cortina, J.; Costa, A.; Costantini, H.; Cotter, G.; Courty, B.;
Covino, S.; Crestan, S.; Cristofari, P.; Crocker, R.; Croston, J.;
Cubuk, K.; Cuevas, O.; Cui, X.; Cusumano, G.; Cutini, S.; D'Amico,
G.; D'Ammando, F.; D'Avanzo, P.; Da Vela, P.; Dadina, M.; Dai, S.;
Dalchenko, M.; Dall'Ora, M.; Daniel, M. K.; Dauguet, J.; Davids, I.;
Davies, J.; Dawson, B.; De Angelis, A.; de Araujo Carvalho, A. E.;
de Bony de Lavergne, M.; De Cesare, G.; de Frondat, F.; de la Calle,
I.; de Gouveia Dal Pino, E.; De Lotto, B.; De Luca, A.; De Martino,
D.; de Naurois, M.; de Ona Wilhelmi, E.; De Palma Persio, F.; De
Simone, N.; de Souza Valle, V.; Delagnes, E.; Deleglise Reznicek,
G.; Delgado, C.; Delgado Giler, A. G.; Delgado Mengual Valle, J.;
della Volpe, D.; Depaoli, D.; Devin, J.; Di Girolamo, T.; Di Giulio
Pierro, C.; Di Venere, L.; Díaz, C.; Dib, C.; Diebold, S.; Digel,
S.; Djannati Atai, A.; Djuvsland, J.; Dmytriiev, A.; Docher, K.;
Domínguez, A.; Dominis Prester, D.; Donini, A.; Dorner, D.; Doro,
M.; dos Anjos, R. d. C.; Dournaux, J. L.; Downes, T.; Drake, G.;
Drass, H.; Dravins, D.; Duangchan, C.; Duara, A.; Dubus, G.; Ducci,
L.; Duffy, C.; Dumora, D.; Dundas Mora, K.; Durkalec, A.; Dwarkadas,
V. V.; Ebr, J.; Eckner, C.; Eder, J.; Edy, E.; Egberts, K.; Einecke,
S.; Eleftheriadis, C.; Elsässer, D.; Emery, G.; Emmanoulopoulos, D.;
Ernenwein, J. P.; Errando, M.; Escarate, P.; Escudero, J.; Espinoza,
C.; Ettori, S.; Eungwanichayapant, A.; Evans, P.; Evoli, C.; Fairbairn,
M.; Falceta Goncalves, D.; Falcone, A.; Fallah Ramazanı, V.; Falomo,
R.; Farakos, K.; Fasola, G.; Fattorini, A.; Favre, Y.; Fedora, R.;
Fedorova, E.; Feijen, K.; Feng, Q.; Ferrand, G.; Ferrara, G.; Ferreira,
O.; Fesquet, M.; Fiandrini, E.; Fiasson, A.; Filipovic, M.; Fink, D.;
Finley, J. P.; Fioretti, V.; Fiorillo, D. F. G.; Fiorini, M.; Flis, S.;
Flores, H.; Foffano, L.; Fohr, C.; Fonseca, M. V.; Font, L.; Fontaine,
G.; Fornieri, O.; Fortin, P.; Fortson, L.; Fouque, N.; Fraga, B.;
Franceschini, A.; Franco, F. J.; Freixas Coromina, L.; Fresnillo, L.;
Fugazza, D.; Fujita, Y.; Fukami, S.; Fukazawa, Y.; Fulla, D.; Funk,
S.; Furniss, A.; Gabici, S.; Gaggero, D.; Galanti, G.; Galdemard,
P.; Gallant, Y. A.; Galloway, D.; Gallozzi, S.; Gammaldi, V.; Garcia,
R.; Garcia, E.; Garcia Lopez, E.; Gargano, F.; Gargano, C.; Garozzo,
S.; Gascon, D.; Gasparetto, T.; Gasparrini, D.; Gasparyan, H.; Gaug,
M.; Geffroy, N.; Gent, A.; Germani, S.; Ghalumyan, A.; Ghedina, A.;
Ghirlanda, G.; Gianotti, F.; Giarrusso, S.; Giarrusso, M.; Giavitto,
G.; Giebels, B.; Giglietto, N.; Gika, V.; Gillardo, F.; Gimenes,
R.; Giordano, F.; Giro, E.; Giroletti, M.; Giuliani, A.; Gjaja,
M.; Glicenstein, J. F.; Gliwny, P.; Goksu, H.; Goldoni, P.; Gomez,
J. L.; Gonzalez, M. M.; Gonzalez, J. M.; Gothe, K. S.; Gotz Coelho,
D.; Grabarczyk, T.; Graciani, R.; Grandi, P.; Grasseau, G.; Grasso,
D.; Green, D.; Green, J.; Greenshaw, T.; Grespan, P.; Grillo, A.;
Grondin, M. H.; Grube, J.; Guarino, V.; Guest, B.; Gueta, O.; Günduz,
M.; Gunji, S.; Gyuk, G.; Hackfeld, J.; Hadasch, D.; Hagge, L.; Hahn,
A.; Hajlaoui, J. E.; Halim, A.; Hamal, P.; Hanlon, W.; Harada, Y.;
Hardcastle, M. J.; Collado, M. Harvey; Haubold, T.; Haupt, A.; Havelka,
M.; Hayashi, K.; Hayashi, K.; Hayashida, M.; He, H.; Heckmann, L.;
Heller, M.; Henault, F.; Henri, G.; Hermann, G.; Hernández Cadena, S.;
Herrera Llorente, J.; Hervet, O.; Hinton, J.; Hiramatsu, A.; Hirotani,
K.; Hnatyk, B.; Hnatyk, R.; Hoang, J. K.; Hoffmann, D. H. H.; Hoischen,
C.; Holder, J.; Holler, M.; Hona, B.; Horan, D.; Horns, D.; Horvath,
P.; Houles, J.; Hrabovsky, M.; Hrupec, D.; Huang, Y.; Huet, J. M.;
Hughes, G.; Hull, G.; Humensky, T. B.; Hütten, M.; Iarlori, M.; Illa,
J. M.; Imazawa, R.; Inada, T.; Incardona, F.; Ingallinera, A.; Inoue,
S.; Inoue, T.; Inoue, Y.; Iocco, F.; Ioka, K.; Ionica, M.; Iovenitti,
S.; Iriarte, A.; Ishio, K.; Ishizaki, W.; Iwamura, Y.; Jacquemier, J.;
Jacquemont, M.; Jamrozy, M.; Janecek, P.; Jankowsky, F.; JardinBlicq,
A.; Jarnot, C.; Martínez, P. Jean; Jocou, L.; Jordana, N.; Josselin,
M.; JungRichardt, I.; Junqueira, F. J. P. A.; Juramy Gilles, C.;
Kaaret, P.; Kadowaki, L. H. S.; Kagaya, M.; Kankanyan, R.; Kantzas, D.;
Karas, V.; Karastergiou, A.; Karkar, S.; Kasperek, J.; Katagiri, H.;
Kataoka, J.; Katarzynski, K.; Katsuda, S.; Kawanaka, N.; Kazanas, D.;
Kerszberg, D.; Khélifi, B.; Kherlakian, M. C.; Kian, T. P.; Kieda,
D. B.; Kihm, T.; Kim, S.; Kisaka, S.; Kissmann, R.; Kleijwegt, R.;
Kluge, G.; Kluźniak, W.; Knapp, J.; Kobakhidze, A.; Kobayashi, Y.;
Koch, B.; Kocot, J.; Kohri, K.; Komin, N.; Kong, A.; Kosack, K.; Krack,
F.; Krause, M.; Krennrich, F.; Kubo, H.; Kudryavtsev, V. N.; Kunwar,
S.; Kushida, J.; Kushwaha, P.; Parola, B.; La Rosa, G.; Lahmann, R.;
Lamastra, A.; Landoni, M.; Landriu, D.; Lang, R. G.; Lapington, J.;
Laporte, P.; Lason, P.; Lasuik, J.; Lazendic Galloway, J.; Le Flour,
T.; Le Sidaner, P.; Leach, S.; Lee, S. H.; Lee, W. H.; Oliveira,
S. Lee; Lemiere, A.; Lemoine Goumard, M.; Lenain, J. P.; Leone,
F.; Leray, V.; Leto, G.; Leuschner, F.; Lindemann, R.; Lindfors,
E.; Linhoff, L.; Liodakis, I.; Lipniacka, A.; Lobo, M.; Lohse, T.;
Lombardi, S.; Lopez, A.; Lopez, M.; Lopez Coto, R.; Louis, F.; Louys,
M.; Lucarelli, F.; Boudi, H. Ludwig; Luque Escamilla, P. L.; Maccarone,
M. C.; Mach, E.; Maciejewski, A. J.; Mackey, J.; Maeght, P.; Maggio,
C.; Maier, G.; Majumdar, P.; Makariev, M.; Mallamaci, M.; Malta Nunes
de Almeida, R.; Malyshev, D.; Malyshev, D.; Mandat, D.; Maneva, G.;
Manganaro, M.; Manigot, P.; Mannheim, K.; Maragos, N.; Marano, D.;
Marconi, M.; Marcowith, A.; Marculewicz, M.; Marcun, B.; Marin, J.;
Marinello, N.; Marinos, P.; Markoff, S.; Marquez, P.; Marsella, G.;
Martin, J. M.; Martin, P. G.; Martinez, M.; Martinez, G.; Martinez,
O.; Martinez Huerta, H.; Marty, C.; Marx, R.; Masetti, N.; Massimino,
P.; Matsumoto, H.; Matthews, N.; Maurin, G.; Moerbeck, W. Max; Maxted,
N.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Mazzola, S. M.; Mbarubucyeye, J. D.; Mc Comb,
L.; McHardy, I.; McKeague, S.; McMuldroch, S.; Medina, E.; Medina
Miranda, D.; Melandri, A.; Melioli, C.; Melkumyan, D.; Menchiari,
S.; Mereghetti, S.; Merino Arevalo, G.; Mestre, E.; Meunier, J. L.;
Meures, T.; Micanovic, S.; Miceli, M.; Michailidis, M.; Michalowski,
J.; Miener, T.; Mievre, I.; Miller, J. D.; Mineo, T.; Minev, M.;
Miranda, J. M.; Mitchell, A.; Mizuno, T.; Mode, B. A.; Moderski, R.;
Mohrmann, L.; Molinari, E.; Montaruli, T.; Monteiro, I.; Moore, C.;
Moralejo, A.; Morcuende Parrilla, D.; Moretti, E.; Mori, K.; Moriarty,
P.; Morik, K.; Morris, P.; Morselli, A.; Mosshammer, K.; Mukherjee,
R.; Muller, J.; Mundell, C.; Mundet, J.; Murach, T.; Muraczewski,
A.; Muraishi, H.; Musella, I.; Musumarra, A.; Nagai, A.; Nagataki,
S.; Naito, T.; Nakamori, T.; Nakashima, K.; Nakayama, K.; Nakhjiri,
N.; Naletto, G.; Naumann, D.; Nava, L.; Nawaz, M. A.; Ndiyavala,
H.; Neise, D.; Nellen, L.; Nemmen, R.; Neyroud, N.; Ngernphat, K.;
Nguyen Trung, T.; Nicastro, L.; Nickel, L.; Niemiec, J.; Nieto, D.;
Nigro, C.; Nikołajuk, M.; Ninci, D.; Noda, K.; Nogami, Y.; Nolan,
S.; Norris, R. P.; Nosek, D.; Nöthe, M.; Novotny, V.; Nozaki, S.;
Nunio, F.; O'Brien, P.; Obara, K.; Ohira, Y.; Ohishi, M.; Ohm, S.;
Oka, T.; Okazaki, N.; Okumura, A.; Oliver, C.; Olivera, G.; Olmi, B.;
Orienti, M.; Orito, R.; Orlandini, M.; Orlando, E.; Osborne, J. P.;
Ostrowski, M.; Otte, N.; Ovcharov, E.; Owen, E.; Oya, I.; Ozieblo, A.;
Padovani, M.; Pagliaro, A.; Paizis, A.; Palatiello, M.; Palatka, M.;
Palazzi, E.; Panazol, J. L.; Paneque, D.; Panny, S.; Pantaleo, F. R.;
Panter, M.; Paolillo, M.; Papitto, A.; Paravac, A.; Paredes, J. M.;
Pareschi, G.; Parmiggiani, N.; Parsons, R. D.; Paśko, P.; Patel,
S. R.; Patricelli, B.; Pavletic, L.; Pavy, S.; Peer, A.; Pecimotika,
M.; Pellegriti, M. G.; Peñil Del Campo, P.; Pepato, A.; Perard, S.;
Perennes, C.; Peresano, M.; Perez Aguilera, A.; Perez Romero, J.;
Perez Torres, M. A.; Persic, M.; Petrucci, P. O.; Petruk, O.; Peyaud,
B.; Pfrang, K.; Pian, E.; Piatteli, P.; Pietropaolo, E.; Pillera, R.;
Pimentel, D.; Pintore, F.; Garcia, C. Pio; Pirola, G.; Piron, F.; Pita,
S.; Pohl, M.; Poireau, V.; Pollo, A.; Polo, M.; Pongkitivanichkul, C.;
Porthault, J.; Powell, J.; Pozo, D.; Prado, R. R.; Prandini, E.; Prast,
J.; Pressard, K.; Principe, G.; Produit, N.; Prokhorov, D.; Prokoph,
H.; Przybilski, H.; Pueschel, E.; Pühlhofer, G.; Puljak, I.; Pumo,
M. L.; Punch, M.; Queiroz, F.; Quinn, J.; Quirrenbach, A.; Rajda,
P. J.; Rando, R.; Razzaque, S.; Recchia, S.; Reichherzer, P.; Reimer,
O.; Reisenegger, A.; Remy, Q.; Renaud, M.; Reposeur, T.; Reville,
B.; Reymond, J. M.; Reynolds, J.; Ribeiro, D.; Ribo, M.; Richards,
G.; Rico, J.; Rieger, F.; Riitano, L.; Riquelme, M.; Riquelme, D.;
Rivoire, S.; Rizi, V.; Roache, E.; Roche, M.; Rodriguez, J.; Rodriguez
Fernandez, G.; Rodriguez Ramirez, J. C.; Rodriguez Vazquez, J. J.;
Rojas, G.; Romano, P.; Romeo Lobato, G.; Romoli, C.; Roncadelli,
M.; Rosado, J.; Rosales de Leon, A.; Rowell, G.; Rugliancich, A.;
Ruiz del Mazo, J. E.; Rulten, C.; Russell, C.; Russo Hatlen, F.;
Safi Harb, S.; Saha, L.; Sahakian, V.; Sailer, S.; Saito, T.; Sakaki,
N.; Sakurai, S.; Salina, G.; Salzmann, H.; Sanchez, D.; Sandaker, H.;
Sandoval, A.; Sangiorgi, P.; Sanguillon, M.; Sano, H.; Santander, M.;
Santangelo, A.; Santos Lima, R.; Sanuy, A.; Sapozhnikov, L.; Saric,
T.; Sarkar, S.; Sasaki, H.; Sasaki, N.; Sato, Y.; Saturni, F. G.;
Sawada, M.; Schaefer, J.; Scherer, A.; Scherpenberg, J.; Schipani,
P.; Schleicher, B.; Schmoll, J.; Schneider, M.; Schoorlemmer, H.;
Schovanek, P.; Schussler, F.; Schwab, B.; Schwanke, U.; Schwarz, J.;
Sciacca, E.; Scuderi, S.; Seglar Arroyo, M.; Seitenzahl, I.; Semikoz,
D.; Sergijenko, O.; Serna Franco, J. E.; Seweryn, K.; Sguera, V.;
Shalchi, A.; Shang, R. Y.; Sharma, P.; Sidoli, L.; Sieiro, J.;
Siejkowski, H.; Sillanpaa, A.; Singh, B. B.; Singh, K. K.; Sinha,
A.; Siqueira, C.; Sitarek, J.; Sizun, P.; Sliusar, V.; Sobczynska,
D.; Sobrinho, R. W.; Sol, H.; Sottile, G.; Spackman, H.; Spencer,
S.; Spengler, G.; Spiga, D.; Springer, W.; Stamerra, A.; Stanic, S.;
Starling, R.; Stawarz, Ł.; Stefanik, S.; Stegmann, C.; Steiner, A.;
Steinmassl, S.; Stella, C.; Sternberger, R.; Sterzel, M.; Stevens, C.;
Stevenson, B.; Stolarczyk, T.; Stratta, G.; Straumann, U.; Striskovic,
J.; Strzys, M.; Stuik, R.; Suchenek, M.; Sunada, Y.; Suomijarvi,
T.; Suric, T.; Suzuki, H.; Swierk, P.; Szepieniec, T.; Tachihara,
K.; Tagliaferri, G.; Tajima, H.; Tajima, N.; Tak, D.; Takahashi, H.;
Takahashi, M.; Takata, J.; Takeishi, R.; Tam, T.; Tanaka, M.; Tanaka,
T.; Tanaka, S.; Tavani, M.; Tavecchio, F.; Tavernier, T.; Taylor,
A. R.; Tejedor, L. A.; Temnikov, P.; Terauchi, K.; Terrazas, J. C.;
Terrier, R.; Terzic, T.; Teshima, M.; Thibaut, D.; Thocquenne, F.;
Tian, W.; Tibaldo, L.; Tiengo, A.; Tluczykont, M.; Todero Peixoto,
C. J.; Toma, K.; Tomankova, L.; Tomastik, J.; Tornikoski, M.; Torres,
D. F.; Torresi, E.; Tosti, G.; Tosti, L.; Tothill, N.; Toussenel,
F.; Tovmassian, G.; Trichard, C.; Trifoglio, M.; Trois, A.; Truzzi,
S.; Tsiahina, A.; Turk, B.; Tutone, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Utayarat,
P.; Vaclavek, L.; Vacula, M.; Vagelli, V.; Vagnetti, F.; Valdivia,
J. A.; Valentino, M.; Valio, A.; Vallage, B.; Vallania Quispe, P.;
van den Berg, A. M.; van Driel, W.; van Eldik, C.; van Rensburg,
C.; van Soelen, B.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vasileiadis, G.; Vassiliev,
V.; Vazquez Acosta, M.; Vecchi, M.; Vega, A.; Veh, J.; Veitch, P.;
Venter, C.; Ventura, S.; Vercellone, S.; Verguilov, V.; Verna, G.;
Vernetto, S.; Verzi, V.; Vettolani, G. P.; Veyssiere, C.; Viale, I.;
Viana, A.; Viaux, N.; Vignatti, J.; Vigorito, C. F.; Villanueva, J.;
Vitale, V.; Vittorini, V.; Vodeb, V.; Vogel, N.; Voisin, V.; Vorobiov,
S.; Vrastil, M.; Vuillaume, T.; Wagner, S. J.; Wagner, P.; Wakazono,
K.; Wakely, S. P.; Ward, M.; Warren, D.; Watson, J.; Wechakama, M.;
Wegner, P.; Weinstein, A.; Weniger, C.; Werner, F.; Wetteskind, H.;
White, M. L.; Wierzcholska, A.; Wiesand, S.; Wijers, R.; Wilkinson,
M.; Will, M.; Williams, J.; Williamson, T. J.; Wolter, A.; Wong,
Y. W.; Wood, M.; Yamamoto, T.; Yamamoto, H.; Yamane, Y.; Yamazaki,
R.; Yanagita, S.; Yang, L.; Yoo, S.; Yoshida, T.; Yoshikoshi, T.;
Yu, P.; Yusafzai, A.; Zacharias, M.; Zaldivar, B.; Zampieri, L.;
Zanin, R.; Zanmar Sanchez, R.; Zaric, D.; Zavrtanik, M.; Zavrtanik,
D.; Zdziarski, A.; Zech, A.; Zechlin, H.; Zenin, A.; Zerwekh, A.;
Ziętara, K.; Zink, A.; Ziolkowski, J.; Zivec, M.; Zmija, A.
Bibcode: 2022icrc.confE...5Z
Altcode: 2022PoS...395E...5Z
No abstract at ADS
Title: Astrometric radial velocities for nearby stars
Authors: Lindegren, Lennart; Dravins, Dainis
Bibcode: 2021A&A...652A..45L
Altcode: 2021arXiv210509014L
Context. Under certain conditions, stellar radial velocities can be
determined from astrometry, without any use of spectroscopy. This
enables us to identify phenomena, other than the Doppler effect,
that are displacing spectral lines.
Aims: The change of
stellar proper motions over time (perspective acceleration) is used
to determine radial velocities from accurate astrometric data, which
are now available from the Gaia and HIPPARCOS missions.
Methods:
Positions and proper motions at the epoch of HIPPARCOS are compared with
values propagated back from the epoch of the Gaia Early Data Release
3. This propagation depends on the radial velocity, which obtains its
value from an optimal fit assuming uniform space motion relative to the
solar system barycentre.
Results: For 930 nearby stars we obtain
astrometric radial velocities with formal uncertainties better than
100 km s−1; for 55 stars the uncertainty is below 10 km
s−1, and for seven it is below 1 km s−1. Most
stars that are not components of double or multiple systems show
good agreement with available spectroscopic radial velocities.
Conclusions: Astrometry offers geometric methods to determine stellar
radial velocity, irrespective of complexities in stellar spectra. This
enables us to segregate wavelength displacements caused by the radial
motion of the stellar centre-of-mass from those induced by other
effects, such as gravitational redshifts in white dwarfs.
Title: Intensity Interferometry
Authors: Dravins, Dainis
Bibcode: 2021hai3.book...31D
Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
Title: Spatially resolved spectroscopy across stellar surfaces. IV. F,
G, and K-stars: Synthetic 3D spectra at hyper-high resolution
Authors: Dravins, Dainis; Ludwig, Hans-Günter; Freytag, Bernd
Bibcode: 2021A&A...649A..16D
Altcode: 2021arXiv210303880D
Context. High-precision stellar analyses require hydrodynamic 3D
modeling. Such models predict changes across stellar disks of spectral
line shapes, asymmetries, and wavelength shifts. For testing models in
stars other than the Sun, spatially resolved observations are feasible
from differential spectroscopy during exoplanet transits, retrieving
spectra of those stellar surface segments that successively become
hidden behind the transiting planet, as demonstrated in Papers I, II,
and III.
Aims: Synthetic high-resolution spectra over extended
spectral regions are now available from 3D models. Similar to other ab
initio simulations in astrophysics, these data contain patterns that
have not been specifically modeled but may be revealed after analyses
to be analogous to those of a large volume of observations.
Methods: From five 3D models spanning Teff = 3964-6726 K
(spectral types ~K8 V-F3 V), synthetic spectra at hyper-high resolution
(λ/Δλ >1 000 000) were analyzed. Selected Fe I and Fe II lines at
various positions across stellar disks were searched for characteristic
patterns between different types of lines in the same star and for
similar lines between different stars.
Results: Spectral-line
patterns are identified for representative photospheric lines of
different strengths, excitation potentials, and ionization levels,
thereby encoding the hydrodynamic 3D structure. Line profiles and
bisectors are shown for various stars at different positions across
stellar disks. Absolute convective wavelength shifts are obtained
as differences to 1D models, where such shifts do not occur.
Conclusions: Observable relationships for line properties are retrieved
from realistically complex synthetic spectra. Such patterns may also
test very detailed 3D modeling, including non-LTE effects. While present
results are obtained at hyper-high spectral resolution, the subsequent
Paper V examines their practical observability at realistically lower
resolutions, and in the presence of noise.
Title: Spatially resolved spectroscopy across stellar
surfaces. V. Observational prospects: toward Earth-like exoplanet
detection
Authors: Dravins, Dainis; Ludwig, Hans-Günter; Freytag, Bernd
Bibcode: 2021A&A...649A..17D
Altcode: 2021arXiv210304996D
Context. High-precision stellar analyses require hydrodynamic 3D
modeling. Testing such models is feasible by retrieving spectral line
shapes across stellar disks, using differential spectroscopy during
exoplanet transits. Observations were presented in Papers I, II, and
III, while Paper IV explored synthetic data at hyper-high spectral
resolution for different classes of stars, identifying characteristic
patterns for Fe I and Fe II lines.
Aims: Anticipating future
observations, the observability of patterns among photospheric lines
of different strength, excitation potential and ionization level are
examined from synthetic spectra, as observed at ordinary spectral
resolutions and at different levels of noise. Time variability in 3D
atmospheres induces changes in spectral-line parameters, some of which
are correlated. An adequate calibration could identify proxies for
the jitter in apparent radial velocity to enable adjustments to actual
stellar radial motion.
Methods: We used spectral-line patterns
identified in synthetic spectra at hyper-high resolution in Paper IV
from 3D models spanning Teff = 3964-6726 K (spectral types
~K8 V-F3 V) to simulate practically observable signals at different
stellar disk positions at various lower spectral resolutions, down
to λ/Δλ = 75 000. We also examined the center-to-limb temporal
variability.
Results: Recovery of spatially resolved line
profiles with fitted widths and depths is shown for various noise
levels, with gradual degradation at successively lower spectral
resolutions. Signals during exoplanet transit are simulated. In
addition to Rossiter-McLaughlin type signatures in apparent radial
velocity, analogous effects are shown for line depths and widths. In
a solar model, temporal variability in line profiles and apparent
radial velocity shows correlations between jittering in apparent
radial velocity and fluctuations in line depth.
Conclusions:
Spatially resolved spectroscopy using exoplanet transits is feasible
for main-sequence stars. Overall line parameters of width, depth and
wavelength position can be retrieved already with moderate efforts,
but a very good signal-to-noise ratio is required to reveal the more
subtle signatures between subgroups of spectral lines, where finer
details of atmospheric structure are encoded. Fluctuations in line depth
correlate with those in wavelength, and because both can be measured
from the ground, searches for low-mass exoplanets should explore these
to adjust apparent radial velocities to actual stellar motion.
Title: Spatially Resolved Stellar Disk Spectra at Hyper-high
Resolution: Toward Earth-like Exoplanet Detection
Authors: Dravins, D.; Ludwig, H.
Bibcode: 2020AAS...23613002D
Altcode:
High-precision spectroscopy might find 'truly' Earth-like
exoplanets. Instrumental precisions are close to being achieved
but limitations arise in the complexities of spectral-line
formation. Spectral lines become somewhat asymmetric by being
formed in dynamic gas flows. Radial-velocity signatures differ
between different types of lines, change between stars, vary across
stellar disks, and are modulated by magnetic activity. Spectroscopy
across spatially resolved stellar disks has become possible by using
transiting exoplanets as occulting spatial probes, permitting to
test center-to-limb atmospheric hydrodynamics in stars also other
than the Sun. Additional suitable target stars will likely be found
in exoplanet surveys, and simulated observations are in progress to
identify strategies for their near-future observations. From a grid
of 3-D hydrodynamic CO5BOLD model atmospheres for solar-type stars,
synthetic spectra have been computed at hyper-high spectral resolution
(R greater than 1 million), for several center-to-limb locations across
stellar disks. (The term 'hyper-high' is used since 'ultra-high'
is already taken for lower-resolution data.) Such resolutions are
required to fully resolve intrinsic line asymmetries. To segregate
those from such arising due to blends, and also to obtain absolute
wavelength shifts irrespective of errors in laboratory wavelengths,
3-D spectra are matched against similar data from 1-D models. There,
unblended lines appear symmetric at their laboratory wavelength
positions, and differences to 3-D profiles isolate effects arising in
the dynamic photospheres. Synthetic spectra are surveyed for unblended
lines with different strengths, excitation potentials, and ionization
levels, each of which contribute characteristic signatures of line
asymmetries and apparent Doppler shifts. The hyper-high resolution
data are degraded to common spectrometer values to appreciate what
signatures may realistically be observed. An adequate understanding
of both line formation and of spectrometer performance should enable
to disentangle effects from variable stellar atmospheres from those
induced by even small Earth-like exoplanets.
Title: State of the Profession: Intensity Interferometry
Authors: Kieda, David; Anton, Gisela; Barbano, Anastasia; Benbow,
Wystan; Carlile, Colin; Daniel, Michael; Dravins, Dainis; Griffin,
Sean; Hassan, Tarek; Holder, Jamie; LeBohec, Stephan; Matthews, Nolan;
Montaruli, Theresa; Produit, Nicolas; Reynolds, Josh; Walter, Roland;
Zampieri, Luca
Bibcode: 2019BAAS...51g.227K
Altcode: 2019astro2020U.227K; 2019arXiv190713181K
This paper describes validation tests of Stellar Intensity
Interferometry (SII) in the laboratory and SII measurements on nearby
stars that have been completed as a technology demonstrator. The
paper describes current and future observatories that will advance
the impact and increase the instrumental resolution of SII during the
upcoming decade.
Title: Science opportunities enabled by the era of Visible Band
Stellar Imaging with sub-100 {\mu}arc-sec angular resolution
Authors: Kieda, D.; Acosta, Monica; Barbano, Anastasia; Carlile,
Colin; Daniel, Michael; Dravins, Dainis; Holder, Jamie; Matthews,
Nolan; Montaruli, Teresa; Walter, Roland; Zampieri, Luca
Bibcode: 2019arXiv190803164K
Altcode:
This white paper briefly summarizes stellar science opportunities
enabled by ultra-high resolution (sub-100 {\mu} arc-sec) astronomical
imaging in the visible (U/V) wavebands. Next generation arrays of
Imaging Cherenkov telescopes, to be constructed in the next decade,
can provide unprecedented visible band imaging of several thousand
bright (m< 6), hot (O/B/A) stars using a modern implementation of
Stellar Intensity Interferometry (SII). This white paper describes the
astrophysics/astronomy science opportunities that may be uncovered in
this new observation space during the next decade.
Title: Science opportunities enabled by the era of Visible Band
Stellar Imaging with sub-100 μarc-sec angular resolution.
Authors: Kieda, David; Acosta, Monica; Barbano, Anastasia; Carlile,
Colin; Daniel, Michael; Dravins, Dainis; Holder, Jamie; Matthews,
Nolan; Montaruli, Teresa; Walter, Roland; Zampieri, Luca
Bibcode: 2019BAAS...51c.275K
Altcode: 2019astro2020T.275K
This white paper briefly summarizes stellar science opportunities
enabled by ultra-high resolution (sub-100 μarc-sec) astronomical
imaging in the visible (U/V) wavebands. We describe the science impact
of imaging of several thousand bright (m < 6), hot (O/B/A) stars
using a modern implementation of Stellar Intensity Interferometry (SII).
Title: Science with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
Authors: Cherenkov Telescope Array Consortium; Acharya, B. S.; Agudo,
I.; Al Samarai, I.; Alfaro, R.; Alfaro, J.; Alispach, C.; Alves
Batista, R.; Amans, J. -P.; Amato, E.; Ambrosi, G.; Antolini, E.;
Antonelli, L. A.; Aramo, C.; Araya, M.; Armstrong, T.; Arqueros, F.;
Arrabito, L.; Asano, K.; Ashley, M.; Backes, M.; Balazs, C.; Balbo, M.;
Ballester, O.; Ballet, J.; Bamba, A.; Barkov, M.; Barres de Almeida,
U.; Barrio, J. A.; Bastieri, D.; Becherini, Y.; Belfiore, A.; Benbow,
W.; Berge, D.; Bernardini, E.; Bernardini, M. G.; Bernardos, M.;
Bernlöhr, K.; Bertucci, B.; Biasuzzi, B.; Bigongiari, C.; Biland,
A.; Bissaldi, E.; Biteau, J.; Blanch, O.; Blazek, J.; Boisson, C.;
Bolmont, J.; Bonanno, G.; Bonardi, A.; Bonavolontà, C.; Bonnoli,
G.; Bosnjak, Z.; Böttcher, M.; Braiding, C.; Bregeon, J.; Brill, A.;
Brown, A. M.; Brun, P.; Brunetti, G.; Buanes, T.; Buckley, J.; Bugaev,
V.; Bühler, R.; Bulgarelli, A.; Bulik, T.; Burton, M.; Burtovoi, A.;
Busetto, G.; Canestrari, R.; Capalbi, M.; Capitanio, F.; Caproni, A.;
Caraveo, P.; Cárdenas, V.; Carlile, C.; Carosi, R.; Carquín, E.;
Carr, J.; Casanova, S.; Cascone, E.; Catalani, F.; Catalano, O.; Cauz,
D.; Cerruti, M.; Chadwick, P.; Chaty, S.; Chaves, R. C. G.; Chen, A.;
Chen, X.; Chernyakova, M.; Chikawa, M.; Christov, A.; Chudoba, J.;
Cieślar, M.; Coco, V.; Colafrancesco, S.; Colin, P.; Conforti, V.;
Connaughton, V.; Conrad, J.; Contreras, J. L.; Cortina, J.; Costa,
A.; Costantini, H.; Cotter, G.; Covino, S.; Crocker, R.; Cuadra, J.;
Cuevas, O.; Cumani, P.; D'Aì, A.; D'Ammando, F.; D'Avanzo, P.; D'Urso,
D.; Daniel, M.; Davids, I.; Dawson, B.; Dazzi, F.; De Angelis, A.;
de Cássia dos Anjos, R.; De Cesare, G.; De Franco, A.; de Gouveia
Dal Pino, E. M.; de la Calle, I.; de los Reyes Lopez, R.; De Lotto,
B.; De Luca, A.; De Lucia, M.; de Naurois, M.; de Oña Wilhelmi,
E.; De Palma, F.; De Persio, F.; de Souza, V.; Deil, C.; Del Santo,
M.; Delgado, C.; della Volpe, D.; Di Girolamo, T.; Di Pierro, F.;
Di Venere, L.; Díaz, C.; Dib, C.; Diebold, S.; Djannati-Ataï, A.;
Domínguez, A.; Dominis Prester, D.; Dorner, D.; Doro, M.; Drass,
H.; Dravins, D.; Dubus, G.; Dwarkadas, V. V.; Ebr, J.; Eckner, C.;
Egberts, K.; Einecke, S.; Ekoume, T. R. N.; Elsässer, D.; Ernenwein,
J. -P.; Espinoza, C.; Evoli, C.; Fairbairn, M.; Falceta-Goncalves,
D.; Falcone, A.; Farnier, C.; Fasola, G.; Fedorova, E.; Fegan, S.;
Fernandez-Alonso, M.; Fernández-Barral, A.; Ferrand, G.; Fesquet,
M.; Filipovic, M.; Fioretti, V.; Fontaine, G.; Fornasa, M.; Fortson,
L.; Freixas Coromina, L.; Fruck, C.; Fujita, Y.; Fukazawa, Y.; Funk,
S.; Füßling, M.; Gabici, S.; Gadola, A.; Gallant, Y.; Garcia,
B.; Garcia López, R.; Garczarczyk, M.; Gaskins, J.; Gasparetto,
T.; Gaug, M.; Gerard, L.; Giavitto, G.; Giglietto, N.; Giommi, P.;
Giordano, F.; Giro, E.; Giroletti, M.; Giuliani, A.; Glicenstein,
J. -F.; Gnatyk, R.; Godinovic, N.; Goldoni, P.; Gómez-Vargas, G.;
González, M. M.; González, J. M.; Götz, D.; Graham, J.; Grandi,
P.; Granot, J.; Green, A. J.; Greenshaw, T.; Griffiths, S.; Gunji,
S.; Hadasch, D.; Hara, S.; Hardcastle, M. J.; Hassan, T.; Hayashi,
K.; Hayashida, M.; Heller, M.; Helo, J. C.; Hermann, G.; Hinton,
J.; Hnatyk, B.; Hofmann, W.; Holder, J.; Horan, D.; Hörandel, J.;
Horns, D.; Horvath, P.; Hovatta, T.; Hrabovsky, M.; Hrupec, D.;
Humensky, T. B.; Hütten, M.; Iarlori, M.; Inada, T.; Inome, Y.;
Inoue, S.; Inoue, T.; Inoue, Y.; Iocco, F.; Ioka, K.; Iori, M.;
Ishio, K.; Iwamura, Y.; Jamrozy, M.; Janecek, P.; Jankowsky, D.;
Jean, P.; Jung-Richardt, I.; Jurysek, J.; Kaaret, P.; Karkar, S.;
Katagiri, H.; Katz, U.; Kawanaka, N.; Kazanas, D.; Khélifi, B.;
Kieda, D. B.; Kimeswenger, S.; Kimura, S.; Kisaka, S.; Knapp, J.;
Knödlseder, J.; Koch, B.; Kohri, K.; Komin, N.; Kosack, K.; Kraus,
M.; Krause, M.; Krauß, F.; Kubo, H.; Kukec Mezek, G.; Kuroda, H.;
Kushida, J.; La Palombara, N.; Lamanna, G.; Lang, R. G.; Lapington,
J.; Le Blanc, O.; Leach, S.; Lees, J. -P.; Lefaucheur, J.; Leigui
de Oliveira, M. A.; Lenain, J. -P.; Lico, R.; Limon, M.; Lindfors,
E.; Lohse, T.; Lombardi, S.; Longo, F.; López, M.; López-Coto,
R.; Lu, C. -C.; Lucarelli, F.; Luque-Escamilla, P. L.; Lyard, E.;
Maccarone, M. C.; Maier, G.; Majumdar, P.; Malaguti, G.; Mandat, D.;
Maneva, G.; Manganaro, M.; Mangano, S.; Marcowith, A.; Marín, J.;
Markoff, S.; Martí, J.; Martin, P.; Martínez, M.; Martínez, G.;
Masetti, N.; Masuda, S.; Maurin, G.; Maxted, N.; Mazin, D.; Medina,
C.; Melandri, A.; Mereghetti, S.; Meyer, M.; Minaya, I. A.; Mirabal,
N.; Mirzoyan, R.; Mitchell, A.; Mizuno, T.; Moderski, R.; Mohammed,
M.; Mohrmann, L.; Montaruli, T.; Moralejo, A.; Morcuende-Parrilla,
D.; Mori, K.; Morlino, G.; Morris, P.; Morselli, A.; Moulin, E.;
Mukherjee, R.; Mundell, C.; Murach, T.; Muraishi, H.; Murase, K.;
Nagai, A.; Nagataki, S.; Nagayoshi, T.; Naito, T.; Nakamori, T.;
Nakamura, Y.; Niemiec, J.; Nieto, D.; Nikołajuk, M.; Nishijima, K.;
Noda, K.; Nosek, D.; Novosyadlyj, B.; Nozaki, S.; O'Brien, P.; Oakes,
L.; Ohira, Y.; Ohishi, M.; Ohm, S.; Okazaki, N.; Okumura, A.; Ong,
R. A.; Orienti, M.; Orito, R.; Osborne, J. P.; Ostrowski, M.; Otte,
N.; Oya, I.; Padovani, M.; Paizis, A.; Palatiello, M.; Palatka, M.;
Paoletti, R.; Paredes, J. M.; Pareschi, G.; Parsons, R. D.; Pe'er,
A.; Pech, M.; Pedaletti, G.; Perri, M.; Persic, M.; Petrashyk, A.;
Petrucci, P.; Petruk, O.; Peyaud, B.; Pfeifer, M.; Piano, G.; Pisarski,
A.; Pita, S.; Pohl, M.; Polo, M.; Pozo, D.; Prandini, E.; Prast, J.;
Principe, G.; Prokhorov, D.; Prokoph, H.; Prouza, M.; Pühlhofer, G.;
Punch, M.; Pürckhauer, S.; Queiroz, F.; Quirrenbach, A.; Rainò,
S.; Razzaque, S.; Reimer, O.; Reimer, A.; Reisenegger, A.; Renaud,
M.; Rezaeian, A. H.; Rhode, W.; Ribeiro, D.; Ribó, M.; Richtler, T.;
Rico, J.; Rieger, F.; Riquelme, M.; Rivoire, S.; Rizi, V.; Rodriguez,
J.; Rodriguez Fernandez, G.; Rodríguez Vázquez, J. J.; Rojas, G.;
Romano, P.; Romeo, G.; Rosado, J.; Rovero, A. C.; Rowell, G.; Rudak,
B.; Rugliancich, A.; Rulten, C.; Sadeh, I.; Safi-Harb, S.; Saito, T.;
Sakaki, N.; Sakurai, S.; Salina, G.; Sánchez-Conde, M.; Sandaker,
H.; Sandoval, A.; Sangiorgi, P.; Sanguillon, M.; Sano, H.; Santander,
M.; Sarkar, S.; Satalecka, K.; Saturni, F. G.; Schioppa, E. J.;
Schlenstedt, S.; Schneider, M.; Schoorlemmer, H.; Schovanek, P.;
Schulz, A.; Schussler, F.; Schwanke, U.; Sciacca, E.; Scuderi, S.;
Seitenzahl, I.; Semikoz, D.; Sergijenko, O.; Servillat, M.; Shalchi,
A.; Shellard, R. C.; Sidoli, L.; Siejkowski, H.; Sillanpää, A.;
Sironi, G.; Sitarek, J.; Sliusar, V.; Slowikowska, A.; Sol, H.;
Stamerra, A.; Stanič, S.; Starling, R.; Stawarz, Ł.; Stefanik, S.;
Stephan, M.; Stolarczyk, T.; Stratta, G.; Straumann, U.; Suomijarvi,
T.; Supanitsky, A. D.; Tagliaferri, G.; Tajima, H.; Tavani, M.;
Tavecchio, F.; Tavernet, J. -P.; Tayabaly, K.; Tejedor, L. A.;
Temnikov, P.; Terada, Y.; Terrier, R.; Terzic, T.; Teshima, M.;
Testa, V.; Thoudam, S.; Tian, W.; Tibaldo, L.; Tluczykont, M.; Todero
Peixoto, C. J.; Tokanai, F.; Tomastik, J.; Tonev, D.; Tornikoski,
M.; Torres, D. F.; Torresi, E.; Tosti, G.; Tothill, N.; Tovmassian,
G.; Travnicek, P.; Trichard, C.; Trifoglio, M.; Troyano Pujadas, I.;
Tsujimoto, S.; Umana, G.; Vagelli, V.; Vagnetti, F.; Valentino, M.;
Vallania, P.; Valore, L.; van Eldik, C.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Varner,
G. S.; Vasileiadis, G.; Vassiliev, V.; Vázquez Acosta, M.; Vecchi,
M.; Vega, A.; Vercellone, S.; Veres, P.; Vergani, S.; Verzi, V.;
Vettolani, G. P.; Viana, A.; Vigorito, C.; Villanueva, J.; Voelk,
H.; Vollhardt, A.; Vorobiov, S.; Vrastil, M.; Vuillaume, T.; Wagner,
S. J.; Wagner, R.; Walter, R.; Ward, J. E.; Warren, D.; Watson,
J. J.; Werner, F.; White, M.; White, R.; Wierzcholska, A.; Wilcox,
P.; Will, M.; Williams, D. A.; Wischnewski, R.; Wood, M.; Yamamoto,
T.; Yamazaki, R.; Yanagita, S.; Yang, L.; Yoshida, T.; Yoshiike, S.;
Yoshikoshi, T.; Zacharias, M.; Zaharijas, G.; Zampieri, L.; Zandanel,
F.; Zanin, R.; Zavrtanik, M.; Zavrtanik, D.; Zdziarski, A. A.; Zech,
A.; Zechlin, H.; Zhdanov, V. I.; Ziegler, A.; Zorn, J.
Bibcode: 2019scta.book.....C
Altcode: 2017arXiv170907997C
The Cherenkov Telescope Array, CTA, will be the major global
observatory for very high energy gamma-ray astronomy over the next
decade and beyond. The scientific potential of CTA is extremely broad:
from understanding the role of relativistic cosmic particles to the
search for dark matter. CTA is an explorer of the extreme universe,
probing environments from the immediate neighbourhood of black holes to
cosmic voids on the largest scales. Covering a huge range in photon
energy from 20 GeV to 300 TeV, CTA will improve on all aspects of
performance with respect to current instruments. The observatory
will operate arrays on sites in both hemispheres to provide full sky
coverage and will hence maximize the potential for the rarest phenomena
such as very nearby supernovae, gamma-ray bursts or gravitational
wave transients. With 99 telescopes on the southern site and 19
telescopes on the northern site, flexible operation will be possible,
with sub-arrays available for specific tasks. CTA will have important
synergies with many of the new generation of major astronomical and
astroparticle observatories. Multi-wavelength and multi-messenger
approaches combining CTA data with those from other instruments will
lead to a deeper understanding of the broad-band non-thermal properties
of target sources. The CTA Observatory will be operated as an open,
proposal-driven observatory, with all data available on a public archive
after a pre-defined proprietary period. Scientists from institutions
worldwide have combined together to form the CTA Consortium. This
Consortium has prepared a proposal for a Core Programme of highly
motivated observations. The programme, encompassing approximately
40% of the available observing time over the first ten years of CTA
operation, is made up of individual Key Science Projects (KSPs),
which are presented in this document.
Title: Capabilities beyond Gamma Rays
Authors: Bühler, R.; Dravins, D.; Egberts, K.; Hinton, J. A.; Parsons,
R. D.; Cherenkov Telescope Array Consortium
Bibcode: 2019scta.book..291B
Altcode:
Although designed as a gamma-ray observatory, CTA is a powerful tool
for a range of other astrophysics and astroparticle physics. For
example, CTA can make precision studies of charged cosmic rays in
the energy range from ∼100 GeV up to PeV energies, and it can
be used as an instrument for optical intensity interferometry, to
provide unprecedented angular resolution in the optical for bright
sources. Below, we briefly summarise these possibilities. Most of
the topics we discuss can be explored in parallel with gamma-ray
data-taking, without interfering with the major science operations of
CTA. Those studies (such as intensity interferometry) which require
specific observations can likely make use of bright moonlight time,
thus enhancing the CTA science return without negative impact on the
key science goals.
Title: Spatially resolved spectroscopy across stellar
surfaces. III. Photospheric Fe I lines across HD 189733A (K1 V)
Authors: Dravins, Dainis; Gustavsson, Martin; Ludwig, Hans-Günter
Bibcode: 2018A&A...616A.144D
Altcode: 2018arXiv180600012D
Context. Spectroscopy across spatially resolved stellar surfaces reveals
spectral line profiles free from rotational broadening, whose gradual
changes from disk center toward the stellar limb reflect an atmospheric
fine structure that is possible to model by 3D hydrodynamics.
Aims: Previous studies of photospheric spectral lines across stellar
disks exist for the Sun and
Methods: During exoplanet transit, stellar surface
portions successively become hidden and differential spectroscopy
between various transit phases uncovers spectra of small surface
segments temporarily hidden behind the planet. The method was elaborated
in Paper I, in which observable signatures were predicted quantitatively
from hydrodynamic simulations.
Results: From observations of
Conclusions:
Retrieved line profile widths and depths are compared to synthetic
ones from models with parameters bracketing those of the target star
and are found to be consistent with 3D simulations. Center-to-limb
changes strongly depend on the surface granulation structure and much
greater line-width variation is predicted in hotter F-type stars
with vigorous granulation than in cooler K-types. Such parameters,
obtained from fits to full line profiles, are realistic to retrieve
for brighter planet-hosting stars, while their hydrodynamic modeling
offers previously unexplored diagnostics for stellar atmospheric fine
structure and 3D line formation. Precise modeling may be required in
searches for Earth-analog exoplanets around K-type stars, whose more
tranquil surface granulation and lower ensuing microvariability may
enable such detections.
Title: Intensity Interferometry: Imaging Stars with Kilometer
Baselines
Authors: Dravins, Dainis
Bibcode: 2018iss..confE...6D
Altcode:
Microarcsecond imaging will reveal stellar surfaces but requires
kilometer-scale interferometers. Intensity interferometry circumvents
atmospheric turbulence by correlating intensity fluctuations between
independent telescopes. Telescopes connect only electronically,
and the error budget relates to electronic timescales of nanoseconds
(light-travel distances on the order of a meter), enabling the use of
imperfect optics in a turbulent atmosphere. Once pioneered by Hanbury
Brown and Twiss, digital versions have now been demonstrated in the
laboratory, reconstructing diffraction-limited images from hundreds
of optical baselines. Arrays of Cherenkov telescopes (primarily
erected for gamma-ray studies) will extend over a few km, enabling
an optical equivalent of radio interferometers. Resolutions in the
tens of microarcseconds will resolve rotationally flattened stars with
their circumstellar disks and winds, or possibly even the silhouettes
of transiting exoplanets. Applying the method to mirror segments in
extremely large telescopes (even with an incompletely filled main
mirror, poor seeing, no adaptive optics), the diffraction limit in
the blue may be reached.
Title: Seeing Stars - Intensity Interferometry in the Laboratory &
on the Ground
Authors: Carlile, Colin; Dravins, Dainis
Bibcode: 2018iss..confE...3C
Altcode:
In many ways it is a golden age for astronomy. Spectacular new
discoveries, for example the detection of gravitational waves, are
very dependent upon instrumental development. The specific instrument
development we propose, Intensity Interferometry (II), aims toimprove
the spatial resolution of optical telescopes by 100x to 50µas [1]. This
is impractical to achieve by increasing the size of telescopes or by
extending the capabilities of phase interferometry. II, if implemented
on the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) currently being installed in La
Palma and Paranal, would record the light intensity - the photon train
- from many different telescopes, up to 2 km apart, on a nanosecond
timescale and compare them. The signal from the many pairs of telescopes
would quantify the degree of correlation by extracting the second-order
correlation function, and thus create an image. This is not a real space
image. However we can invert the data by Fourier Transform and create a
real image. The more telescopes, the better resolved and more physical
is the image, enabling the study of sunspots on nearby stars; orbiting
binary stars; or exoplanets traversing the disc of their own star. We
understand the Sun well but we have little experimental knowledge of
how representative it is of main sequence stars. To test the II method,
at Lund Observatory we have set up a laboratory analogue comprising ten
small telescopes observing an artificial star created by light from a
laser. The method has been shown to work [2] and the telescope array
has now been extended to two dimensions. We are in discussion with
other groups to explore the possibility of implementing this method
on real telescopes observing actual stars. We plan to do this with
the prototype Small Size Telescopes being built by groups in Europe,
and ultimately with the CTA itself. A Science Working Group for II has
now been set up within the CTA Consortium, of which Lund University is
an integral part. A Letter of Intent has been sent to CTA expressing
these intentions. An attractive aspect of II is its complementarity to
the principle goal of CTA - the exploration of high energy cosmic rays
via the Cherenkov light they generate in the atmosphere. This can only
be observed under the most demanding atmospheric conditions whereas II
can be recorded when conditions are poor: with a bright Moon, during
periods of turbulence; in hazy conditions; or after dusk and before
dawn. Two further advantages of implementing an II option on CTA are the
minimal marginal costs incurred to an already 400M€ investment and,
secondly, that even a few telescopes would produce unique scientific
results even in the early days when the CTA array is far from
complete. [1] Dainis Dravins and Colin Carlile, SPIE Newsroom (2016),
http://spie.org/newsroom/6504-kilometer-baseline-optical-intensity-interferometry-for-stellar-surface-observations
[2] D. Dravins, T. Lagadec, P.D. Nuñez, Nature Communications 6, 6852
(2015)
Title: Revealing Stellar Surface Structure Behind Transiting
Exoplanets
Authors: Dravins, Dainis
Bibcode: 2018iss..confE...7D
Altcode:
During exoplanet transits, successive stellar surface portions become
hidden and differential spectroscopy between various transit phases
provide spectra of small surface segments temporarily hidden behind the
planet. Line profile changes across the stellar disk offer diagnostics
for hydrodynamic modeling, while exoplanet analyses require stellar
background spectra to be known along the transit path. Since even
giant planets cover only a small fraction of any main-sequence star,
very precise observations are required, as well as averaging over
numerous spectral lines with similar parameters. Spatially resolved
Fe I line profiles across stellar disks have now been retrieved for
HD209458 (G0V) and HD189733A (K1V), using data from the UVES and HARPS
spectrometers. Free from rotational broadening, spatially resolved
profiles are narrower and deeper than in integrated starlight. During
transit, the profiles shift towards longer wavelengths, illustrating
both stellar rotation at the latitude of transit and the prograde
orbital motion of the exoplanets. This method will soon become
applicable to more stars, once additional bright exoplanet hosts have
been found.
Title: Stellar atmospheres behind transiting exoplanets
Authors: Dravins, D.; Ludwig, H. -G.; Dahlén, E.; Gustavsson, M.;
Pazira, H.
Bibcode: 2017EPSC...11...21D
Altcode:
Stellar surfaces are covered with brighter and darker structures, just
like on the Sun. While solar surface details can be easily studied
with telescopes, stellar surfaces cannot thus be resolved. However,
one can use planets that happen to pass in front of distant stars as
"shades" that successively block out small portions of the stellar
surface behind. By measuring how the light from the star changes during
such a transit, one can deduce stellar surface properties. Knowing those
is required not only to study the star as such, but also to deduce the
chemical composition of the planet that is passing in front of it,
where some of the detected starlight has been filtered through the
planet's atmosphere.
Title: Cherenkov Telescope Array Contributions to the 35th
International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2017)
Authors: Acero, F.; Acharya, B. S.; Acín Portella, V.; Adams, C.;
Agudo, I.; Aharonian, F.; Samarai, I. Al; Alberdi, A.; Alcubierre,
M.; Alfaro, R.; Alfaro, J.; Alispach, C.; Aloisio, R.; Alves Batista,
R.; Amans, J. -P.; Amato, E.; Ambrogi, L.; Ambrosi, G.; Ambrosio, M.;
Anderson, J.; Anduze, M.; Angüner, E. O.; Antolini, E.; Antonelli,
L. A.; Antonuccio, V.; Antoranz, P.; Aramo, C.; Araya, M.; Arcaro, C.;
Armstrong, T.; Arqueros, F.; Arrabito, L.; Arrieta, M.; Asano, K.;
Asano, A.; Ashley, M.; Aubert, P.; Singh, C. B.; Babic, A.; Backes,
M.; Bajtlik, S.; Balazs, C.; Balbo, M.; Ballester, O.; Ballet, J.;
Ballo, L.; Balzer, A.; Bamba, A.; Bandiera, R.; Barai, P.; Barbier,
C.; Barcelo, M.; Barkov, M.; Barres de Almeida, U.; Barrio, J. A.;
Bastieri, D.; Bauer, C.; Becciani, U.; Becherini, Y.; Becker Tjus,
J.; Bednarek, W.; Belfiore, A.; Benbow, W.; Benito, M.; Berge, D.;
Bernardini, E.; Bernardini, M. G.; Bernardos, M.; Bernhard, S.;
Bernlöhr, K.; Bertinelli Salucci, C.; Bertucci, B.; Besel, M. -A.;
Beshley, V.; Bettane, J.; Bhatt, N.; Bhattacharyya, W.; Bhattachryya,
S.; Biasuzzi, B.; Bicknell, G.; Bigongiari, C.; Biland, A.; Bilinsky,
A.; Bird, R.; Bissaldi, E.; Biteau, J.; Bitossi, M.; Blanch, O.;
Blasi, P.; Blazek, J.; Boccato, C.; Bockermann, C.; Boehm, C.;
Bohacova, M.; Boisson, C.; Bolmont, J.; Bonanno, G.; Bonardi, A.;
Bonavolontà, C.; Bonnoli, G.; Borkowski, J.; Bose, R.; Bosnjak,
Z.; Böttcher, M.; Boutonnet, C.; Bouyjou, F.; Bowman, L.; Bozhilov,
V.; Braiding, C.; Brau-Nogué, S.; Bregeon, J.; Briggs, M.; Brill,
A.; Brisken, W.; Bristow, D.; Britto, R.; Brocato, E.; Brown, A. M.;
Brown, S.; Brügge, K.; Brun, P.; Brun, P.; Brun, F.; Brunetti, L.;
Brunetti, G.; Bruno, P.; Bryan, M.; Buckley, J.; Bugaev, V.; Bühler,
R.; Bulgarelli, A.; Bulik, T.; Burton, M.; Burtovoi, A.; Busetto, G.;
Buson, S.; Buss, J.; Byrum, K.; Caccianiga, A.; Cameron, R.; Canelli,
F.; Canestrari, R.; Capalbi, M.; Capasso, M.; Capitanio, F.; Caproni,
A.; Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R.; Caraveo, P.; Cárdenas, V.; Cardenzana,
J.; Cardillo, M.; Carlile, C.; Caroff, S.; Carosi, R.; Carosi, A.;
Carquín, E.; Carr, J.; Casandjian, J. -M.; Casanova, S.; Cascone, E.;
Castro-Tirado, A. J.; Castroviejo Mora, J.; Catalani, F.; Catalano, O.;
Cauz, D.; Celestino Silva, C.; Celli, S.; Cerruti, M.; Chabanne, E.;
Chadwick, P.; Chakraborty, N.; Champion, C.; Chatterjee, A.; Chaty, S.;
Chaves, R.; Chen, A.; Chen, X.; Cheng, K.; Chernyakova, M.; Chikawa,
M.; Chitnis, V. R.; Christov, A.; Chudoba, J.; Cieślar, M.; Clark,
P.; Coco, V.; Colafrancesco, S.; Colin, P.; Colombo, E.; Colome, J.;
Colonges, S.; Conforti, V.; Connaughton, V.; Conrad, J.; Contreras,
J. L.; Cornat, R.; Cortina, J.; Costa, A.; Costantini, H.; Cotter, G.;
Courty, B.; Covino, S.; Covone, G.; Cristofari, P.; Criswell, S. J.;
Crocker, R.; Croston, J.; Crovari, C.; Cuadra, J.; Cuevas, O.; Cui,
X.; Cumani, P.; Cusumano, G.; D'Aì, A.; D'Ammando, F.; D'Avanzo,
P.; D'Urso, D.; Da Vela, P.; Dale, Ø.; Dang, V. T.; Dangeon, L.;
Daniel, M.; Davids, I.; Dawson, B.; Dazzi, F.; De Angelis, A.; De
Caprio, V.; de Cássia dos Anjos, R.; De Cesare, G.; De Franco, A.;
De Frondat, F.; de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M.; de la Calle, I.; De Lisio,
C.; de los Reyes Lopez, R.; De Lotto, B.; De Luca, A.; De Lucia, M.;
de Mello Neto, J. R. T.; de Naurois, M.; de Oña Wilhelmi, E.; De
Palma, F.; De Persio, F.; de Souza, V.; Decock, J.; Deil, C.; Deiml,
P.; Del Santo, M.; Delagnes, E.; Deleglise, G.; Delfino Reznicek, M.;
Delgado, C.; Delgado Mengual, J.; Della Ceca, R.; della Volpe, D.;
Detournay, M.; Devin, J.; Di Girolamo, T.; Di Giulio, C.; Di Pierro,
F.; Di Venere, L.; Diaz, L.; Díaz, C.; Dib, C.; Dickinson, H.;
Diebold, S.; Digel, S.; Djannati-Ataï, A.; Doert, M.; Domínguez,
A.; Dominis Prester, D.; Donnarumma, I.; Dorner, D.; Doro, M.;
Dournaux, J. -L.; Downes, T.; Drake, G.; Drappeau, S.; Drass, H.;
Dravins, D.; Drury, L.; Dubus, G.; Dundas Morå, K.; Durkalec, A.;
Dwarkadas, V.; Ebr, J.; Eckner, C.; Edy, E.; Egberts, K.; Einecke,
S.; Eisch, J.; Eisenkolb, F.; Ekoume, T. R. N.; Eleftheriadis, C.;
Elsässer, D.; Emmanoulopoulos, D.; Ernenwein, J. -P.; Escarate,
P.; Eschbach, S.; Espinoza, C.; Evans, P.; Evoli, C.; Fairbairn, M.;
Falceta-Goncalves, D.; Falcone, A.; Fallah Ramazani, V.; Farakos, K.;
Farrell, E.; Fasola, G.; Favre, Y.; Fede, E.; Fedora, R.; Fedorova,
E.; Fegan, S.; Fernandez-Alonso, M.; Fernández-Barral, A.; Ferrand,
G.; Ferreira, O.; Fesquet, M.; Fiandrini, E.; Fiasson, A.; Filipovic,
M.; Fink, D.; Finley, J. P.; Finley, C.; Finoguenov, A.; Fioretti,
V.; Fiorini, M.; Flores, H.; Foffano, L.; Föhr, C.; Fonseca, M. V.;
Font, L.; Fontaine, G.; Fornasa, M.; Fortin, P.; Fortson, L.; Fouque,
N.; Fraga, B.; Franco, F. J.; Freixas Coromina, L.; Fruck, C.; Fugazza,
D.; Fujita, Y.; Fukami, S.; Fukazawa, Y.; Fukui, Y.; Funk, S.; Furniss,
A.; Füßling, M.; Gabici, S.; Gadola, A.; Gallant, Y.; Galloway, D.;
Gallozzi, S.; Garcia, B.; Garcia, A.; García Gil, R.; Garcia López,
R.; Garczarczyk, M.; Gardiol, D.; Gargano, F.; Gargano, C.; Garozzo,
S.; Garrido-Ruiz, M.; Gascon, D.; Gasparetto, T.; Gaté, F.; Gaug,
M.; Gebhardt, B.; Gebyehu, M.; Geffroy, N.; Genolini, B.; Ghalumyan,
A.; Ghedina, A.; Ghirlanda, G.; Giammaria, P.; Gianotti, F.; Giebels,
B.; Giglietto, N.; Gika, V.; Gimenes, R.; Giommi, P.; Giordano, F.;
Giovannini, G.; Giro, E.; Giroletti, M.; Gironnet, J.; Giuliani, A.;
Glicenstein, J. -F.; Gnatyk, R.; Godinovic, N.; Goldoni, P.; Gómez,
J. L.; Gómez-Vargas, G.; González, M. M.; González, J. M.; Gothe,
K. S.; Gotz, D.; Goullon, J.; Grabarczyk, T.; Graciani, R.; Graham,
J.; Grandi, P.; Granot, J.; Grasseau, G.; Gredig, R.; Green, A. J.;
Greenshaw, T.; Grenier, I.; Griffiths, S.; Grillo, A.; Grondin, M. -H.;
Grube, J.; Guarino, V.; Guest, B.; Gueta, O.; Gunji, S.; Gyuk, G.;
Hadasch, D.; Hagge, L.; Hahn, J.; Hahn, A.; Hakobyan, H.; Hara, S.;
Hardcastle, M. J.; Hassan, T.; Haubold, T.; Haupt, A.; Hayashi, K.;
Hayashida, M.; He, H.; Heller, M.; Helo, J. C.; Henault, F.; Henri, G.;
Hermann, G.; Hermel, R.; Herrera Llorente, J.; Herrero, A.; Hervet, O.;
Hidaka, N.; Hinton, J.; Hiroshima, N.; Hirotani, K.; Hnatyk, B.; Hoang,
J. K.; Hoffmann, D.; Hofmann, W.; Holder, J.; Horan, D.; Hörandel,
J.; Hörbe, M.; Horns, D.; Horvath, P.; Houles, J.; Hovatta, T.;
Hrabovsky, M.; Hrupec, D.; Huet, J. -M.; Hughes, G.; Hui, D.; Hull,
G.; Humensky, T. B.; Hussein, M.; Hütten, M.; Iarlori, M.; Ikeno,
Y.; Illa, J. M.; Impiombato, D.; Inada, T.; Ingallinera, A.; Inome,
Y.; Inoue, S.; Inoue, T.; Inoue, Y.; Iocco, F.; Ioka, K.; Ionica,
M.; Iori, M.; Iriarte, A.; Ishio, K.; Israel, G. L.; Iwamura, Y.;
Jablonski, C.; Jacholkowska, A.; Jacquemier, J.; Jamrozy, M.; Janecek,
P.; Jankowsky, F.; Jankowsky, D.; Jansweijer, P.; Jarnot, C.; Jean, P.;
Johnson, C. A.; Josselin, M.; Jung-Richardt, I.; Jurysek, J.; Kaaret,
P.; Kachru, P.; Kagaya, M.; Kakuwa, J.; Kalekin, O.; Kankanyan, R.;
Karastergiou, A.; Karczewski, M.; Karkar, S.; Katagiri, H.; Kataoka,
J.; Katarzyński, K.; Katz, U.; Kawanaka, N.; Kaye, L.; Kazanas, D.;
Kelley-Hoskins, N.; Khélifi, B.; Kieda, D. B.; Kihm, T.; Kimeswenger,
S.; Kimura, S.; Kisaka, S.; Kishida, S.; Kissmann, R.; Kluźniak, W.;
Knapen, J.; Knapp, J.; Knödlseder, J.; Koch, B.; Kocot, J.; Kohri,
K.; Komin, N.; Kong, A.; Konno, Y.; Kosack, K.; Kowal, G.; Koyama,
S.; Kraus, M.; Krause, M.; Krauß, F.; Krennrich, F.; Kruger, P.;
Kubo, H.; Kudryavtsev, V.; Kukec Mezek, G.; Kumar, S.; Kuroda, H.;
Kushida, J.; Kushwaha, P.; La Palombara, N.; La Parola, V.; La Rosa,
G.; Lahmann, R.; Lalik, K.; Lamanna, G.; Landoni, M.; Landriu, D.;
Landt, H.; Lang, R. G.; Lapington, J.; Laporte, P.; Le Blanc, O.;
Le Flour, T.; Le Sidaner, P.; Leach, S.; Leckngam, A.; Lee, S. -H.;
Lee, W. H.; Lees, J. -P.; Lefaucheur, J.; Leigui de Oliveira, M. A.;
Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lenain, J. -P.; Leto, G.; Lico, R.; Limon, M.;
Lindemann, R.; Lindfors, E.; Linhoff, L.; Lipniacka, A.; Lloyd, S.;
Lohse, T.; Lombardi, S.; Longo, F.; Lopez, M.; Lopez-Coto, R.; Louge,
T.; Louis, F.; Louys, M.; Lucarelli, F.; Lucchesi, D.; Luque-Escamilla,
P. L.; Lyard, E.; Maccarone, M. C.; Maccarone, T.; Mach, E.; Madejski,
G. M.; Maier, G.; Majczyna, A.; Majumdar, P.; Makariev, M.; Malaguti,
G.; Malouf, A.; Maltezos, S.; Malyshev, D.; Malyshev, D.; Mandat,
D.; Maneva, G.; Manganaro, M.; Mangano, S.; Manigot, P.; Mannheim,
K.; Maragos, N.; Marano, D.; Marcowith, A.; Marín, J.; Mariotti,
M.; Marisaldi, M.; Markoff, S.; Martí, J.; Martin, J. -M.; Martin,
P.; Martin, L.; Martínez, M.; Martínez, G.; Martínez, O.; Marx,
R.; Masetti, N.; Massimino, P.; Mastichiadis, A.; Mastropietro, M.;
Masuda, S.; Matsumoto, H.; Matthews, N.; Mattiazzo, S.; Maurin, G.;
Maxted, N.; Mayer, M.; Mazin, D.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Mc Comb, L.;
McHardy, I.; Medina, C.; Melandri, A.; Melioli, C.; Melkumyan, D.;
Mereghetti, S.; Meunier, J. -L.; Meures, T.; Meyer, M.; Micanovic, S.;
Michael, T.; Michałowski, J.; Mievre, I.; Miller, J.; Minaya, I. A.;
Mineo, T.; Mirabel, F.; Miranda, J. M.; Mirzoyan, R.; Mitchell, A.;
Mizuno, T.; Moderski, R.; Mohammed, M.; Mohrmann, L.; Molijn, C.;
Molinari, E.; Moncada, R.; Montaruli, T.; Monteiro, I.; Mooney, D.;
Moore, P.; Moralejo, A.; Morcuende-Parrilla, D.; Moretti, E.; Mori,
K.; Morlino, G.; Morris, P.; Morselli, A.; Moscato, F.; Motohashi,
D.; Moulin, E.; Mueller, S.; Mukherjee, R.; Munar, P.; Mundell, C.;
Mundet, J.; Murach, T.; Muraishi, H.; Murase, K.; Murphy, A.; Nagai,
A.; Nagar, N.; Nagataki, S.; Nagayoshi, T.; Nagesh, B. K.; Naito,
T.; Nakajima, D.; Nakamori, T.; Nakamura, Y.; Nakayama, K.; Naumann,
D.; Nayman, P.; Neise, D.; Nellen, L.; Nemmen, R.; Neronov, A.;
Neyroud, N.; Nguyen, T.; Nguyen, T. T.; Nguyen Trung, T.; Nicastro,
L.; Nicolau-Kukliński, J.; Niemiec, J.; Nieto, D.; Nievas-Rosillo,
M.; Nikołajuk, M.; Nishijima, K.; Nishikawa, K. -I.; Nishiyama, G.;
Noda, K.; Nogues, L.; Nolan, S.; Nosek, D.; Nöthe, M.; Novosyadlyj,
B.; Nozaki, S.; Nunio, F.; O'Brien, P.; Oakes, L.; Ocampo, C.; Ochoa,
J. P.; Oger, R.; Ohira, Y.; Ohishi, M.; Ohm, S.; Okazaki, N.; Okumura,
A.; Olive, J. -F.; Ong, R. A.; Orienti, M.; Orito, R.; Orlati, A.;
Osborne, J. P.; Ostrowski, M.; Otte, N.; Ou, Z.; Ovcharov, E.; Oya,
I.; Ozieblo, A.; Padovani, M.; Paiano, S.; Paizis, A.; Palacio, J.;
Palatiello, M.; Palatka, M.; Pallotta, J.; Panazol, J. -L.; Paneque,
D.; Panter, M.; Paoletti, R.; Paolillo, M.; Papitto, A.; Paravac, A.;
Paredes, J. M.; Pareschi, G.; Parsons, R. D.; Paśko, P.; Pavy, S.;
Pe'er, A.; Pech, M.; Pedaletti, G.; Peñil Del Campo, P.; Perez, A.;
Pérez-Torres, M. A.; Perri, L.; Perri, M.; Persic, M.; Petrashyk,
A.; Petrera, S.; Petrucci, P. -O.; Petruk, O.; Peyaud, B.; Pfeifer,
M.; Piano, G.; Piel, Q.; Pieloth, D.; Pintore, F.; García, C. Pio;
Pisarski, A.; Pita, S.; Pizarro, L.; Platos, Ł.; Pohl, M.; Poireau,
V.; Pollo, A.; Porthault, J.; Poutanen, J.; Pozo, D.; Prandini, E.;
Prasit, P.; Prast, J.; Pressard, K.; Principe, G.; Prokhorov, D.;
Prokoph, H.; Prouza, M.; Pruteanu, G.; Pueschel, E.; Pühlhofer,
G.; Puljak, I.; Punch, M.; Pürckhauer, S.; Queiroz, F.; Quinn, J.;
Quirrenbach, A.; Rafighi, I.; Rainò, S.; Rajda, P. J.; Rando, R.;
Rannot, R. C.; Razzaque, S.; Reichardt, I.; Reimer, O.; Reimer, A.;
Reisenegger, A.; Renaud, M.; Reposeur, T.; Reville, B.; Rezaeian,
A. H.; Rhode, W.; Ribeiro, D.; Ribó, M.; Richer, M. G.; Richtler,
T.; Rico, J.; Rieger, F.; Riquelme, M.; Ristori, P. R.; Rivoire, S.;
Rizi, V.; Rodriguez, J.; Rodriguez Fernandez, G.; Rodríguez Vázquez,
J. J.; Rojas, G.; Romano, P.; Romeo, G.; Roncadelli, M.; Rosado, J.;
Rosen, S.; Rosier Lees, S.; Rousselle, J.; Rovero, A. C.; Rowell, G.;
Rudak, B.; Rugliancich, A.; Ruíz del Mazo, J. E.; Rujopakarn, W.;
Rulten, C.; Russo, F.; Saavedra, O.; Sabatini, S.; Sacco, B.; Sadeh,
I.; Sæther Hatlen, E.; Safi-Harb, S.; Sahakian, V.; Sailer, S.; Saito,
T.; Sakaki, N.; Sakurai, S.; Salek, D.; Salesa Greus, F.; Salina, G.;
Sanchez, D.; Sánchez-Conde, M.; Sandaker, H.; Sandoval, A.; Sangiorgi,
P.; Sanguillon, M.; Sano, H.; Santander, M.; Santangelo, A.; Santos,
E. M.; Sanuy, A.; Sapozhnikov, L.; Sarkar, S.; Satalecka, K.; Sato,
Y.; Saturni, F. G.; Savalle, R.; Sawada, M.; Schanne, S.; Schioppa,
E. J.; Schlenstedt, S.; Schmidt, T.; Schmoll, J.; Schneider, M.;
Schoorlemmer, H.; Schovanek, P.; Schulz, A.; Schussler, F.; Schwanke,
U.; Schwarz, J.; Schweizer, T.; Schwemmer, S.; Sciacca, E.; Scuderi,
S.; Seglar-Arroyo, M.; Segreto, A.; Seitenzahl, I.; Semikoz, D.;
Sergijenko, O.; Serre, N.; Servillat, M.; Seweryn, K.; Shah, K.;
Shalchi, A.; Sharma, M.; Shellard, R. C.; Shilon, I.; Sidoli, L.;
Sidz, M.; Siejkowski, H.; Silk, J.; Sillanpää, A.; Simone, D.; Singh,
B. B.; Sironi, G.; Sitarek, J.; Sizun, P.; Sliusar, V.; Slowikowska,
A.; Smith, A.; Sobczyńska, D.; Sokolenko, A.; Sol, H.; Sottile, G.;
Springer, W.; Stahl, O.; Stamerra, A.; Stanič, S.; Starling, R.;
Staszak, D.; Stawarz, Ł.; Steenkamp, R.; Stefanik, S.; Stegmann,
C.; Steiner, S.; Stella, C.; Stephan, M.; Sternberger, R.; Sterzel,
M.; Stevenson, B.; Stodulska, M.; Stodulski, M.; Stolarczyk, T.;
Stratta, G.; Straumann, U.; Stuik, R.; Suchenek, M.; Suomijarvi, T.;
Supanitsky, A. D.; Suric, T.; Sushch, I.; Sutcliffe, P.; Sykes, J.;
Szanecki, M.; Szepieniec, T.; Tagliaferri, G.; Tajima, H.; Takahashi,
K.; Takahashi, H.; Takahashi, M.; Takalo, L.; Takami, S.; Takata, J.;
Takeda, J.; Tam, T.; Tanaka, M.; Tanaka, T.; Tanaka, Y.; Tanaka, S.;
Tanci, C.; Tavani, M.; Tavecchio, F.; Tavernet, J. -P.; Tayabaly,
K.; Tejedor, L. A.; Temme, F.; Temnikov, P.; Terada, Y.; Terrazas,
J. C.; Terrier, R.; Terront, D.; Terzic, T.; Tescaro, D.; Teshima, M.;
Testa, V.; Thoudam, S.; Tian, W.; Tibaldo, L.; Tiengo, A.; Tiziani, D.;
Tluczykont, M.; Todero Peixoto, C. J.; Tokanai, F.; Tokarz, M.; Toma,
K.; Tomastik, J.; Tonachini, A.; Tonev, D.; Tornikoski, M.; Torres,
D. F.; Torresi, E.; Tosti, G.; Totani, T.; Tothill, N.; Toussenel,
F.; Tovmassian, G.; Trakarnsirinont, N.; Travnicek, P.; Trichard,
C.; Trifoglio, M.; Troyano Pujadas, I.; Tsirou, M.; Tsujimoto,
S.; Tsuru, T.; Uchiyama, Y.; Umana, G.; Uslenghi, M.; Vagelli, V.;
Vagnetti, F.; Valentino, M.; Vallania, P.; Valore, L.; Van den Berg,
A. M.; van Driel, W.; van Eldik, C.; van Soelen, B.; Vandenbroucke,
J.; Vanderwalt, J.; Varner, G. S.; Vasileiadis, G.; Vassiliev, V.;
Vázquez, J. R.; Vázquez Acosta, M.; Vecchi, M.; Vega, A.; Veitch,
P.; Venault, P.; Venter, C.; Vercellone, S.; Veres, P.; Vergani,
S.; Verzi, V.; Vettolani, G. P.; Veyssiere, C.; Viana, A.; Vicha,
J.; Vigorito, C.; Villanueva, J.; Vincent, P.; Vink, J.; Visconti,
F.; Vittorini, V.; Voelk, H.; Voisin, V.; Vollhardt, A.; Vorobiov,
S.; Vovk, I.; Vrastil, M.; Vuillaume, T.; Wagner, S. J.; Wagner, R.;
Wagner, P.; Wakely, S. P.; Walstra, T.; Walter, R.; Ward, M.; Ward,
J. E.; Warren, D.; Watson, J. J.; Webb, N.; Wegner, P.; Weiner, O.;
Weinstein, A.; Weniger, C.; Werner, F.; Wetteskind, H.; White, M.;
White, R.; Wierzcholska, A.; Wiesand, S.; Wijers, R.; Wilcox, P.;
Wilhelm, A.; Wilkinson, M.; Will, M.; Williams, D. A.; Winter, M.;
Wojcik, P.; Wolf, D.; Wood, M.; Wörnlein, A.; Wu, T.; Yadav, K. K.;
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Zajczyk, A.; Zampieri, L.; Zandanel, F.; Zanin, R.; Zanmar Sanchez,
R.; Zaric, D.; Zavrtanik, M.; Zavrtanik, D.; Zdziarski, A. A.; Zech,
A.; Zechlin, H.; Zhdanov, V. I.; Ziegler, A.; Ziemann, J.; Ziętara,
K.; Zink, A.; Ziółkowski, J.; Zitelli, V.; Zoli, A.; Zorn, J.
Bibcode: 2017arXiv170903483A
Altcode: 2017arXiv170903483C
List of contributions from the Cherenkov Telescope Array Consortium
presented at the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference, July 12-20
2017, Busan, Korea.
Title: Spatially resolved spectroscopy across stellar
surfaces. II. High-resolution spectra across HD 209458 (G0 V)
Authors: Dravins, Dainis; Ludwig, Hans-Günter; Dahlén, Erik;
Pazira, Hiva
Bibcode: 2017A&A...605A..91D
Altcode: 2017arXiv170801618D
Context. High-resolution spectroscopy across spatially resolved
stellar surfaces aims at obtaining spectral-line profiles that
are free from rotational broadening; the gradual changes of these
profiles from disk center toward the stellar limb reveal properties
of atmospheric fine structure, which are possible to model with 3D
hydrodynamics.
Aims: Previous such studies have only been
carried out for the Sun but are now extended to other stars. In this
work, profiles of photospheric spectral lines are retrieved across
the disk of the planet-hosting star HD 209458 (G0 V).
Methods:
During exoplanet transit, stellar surface portions successively become
hidden and differential spectroscopy provides spectra of small surface
segments temporarily hidden behind the planet. The method was elaborated
in Paper I, with observable signatures quantitatively predicted from
hydrodynamic simulations.
Results: From observations of HD
209458 with spectral resolution λ/ Δλ 80 000, photospheric Fe
I line profiles are obtained at several center-to-limb positions,
reaching adequately high S/N after averaging over numerous similar
lines.
Conclusions: Retrieved line profiles are compared
to synthetic line profiles. Hydrodynamic 3D models predict, and
current observations confirm, that photospheric absorption lines
become broader and shallower toward the stellar limb, reflecting that
horizontal velocities in stellar granulation are greater than vertical
velocities. Additional types of 3D signatures will become observable
with the highest resolution spectrometers at large telescopes.
Title: Spatially resolved spectroscopy across stellar
surfaces. I. Using exoplanet transits to analyze 3D stellar
atmospheres
Authors: Dravins, Dainis; Ludwig, Hans-Günter; Dahlén, Erik;
Pazira, Hiva
Bibcode: 2017A&A...605A..90D
Altcode: 2017arXiv170801616D
Context. High-precision stellar analyses require hydrodynamic modeling
to interpret chemical abundances or oscillation modes. Exoplanet
atmosphere studies require stellar background spectra to be known
along the transit path while detection of Earth analogs require
stellar microvariability to be understood. Hydrodynamic 3D models can
be computed for widely different stars but have been tested in detail
only for the Sun with its resolved surface features. Model predictions
include spectral line shapes, asymmetries, and wavelength shifts,
and their center-to-limb changes across stellar disks.
Aims: We
observe high-resolution spectral line profiles across spatially highly
resolved stellar surfaces, which are free from the effects of spatial
smearing and rotational broadening present in full-disk spectra,
enabling comparisons to synthetic profiles from 3D models.
Methods: During exoplanet transits, successive stellar surface portions
become hidden and differential spectroscopy between various transit
phases provides spectra of small surface segments temporarily hidden
behind the planet. Planets cover no more than 1% of any main-sequence
star, enabling high spatial resolution but demanding very precise
observations. Realistically measurable quantities are identified
through simulated observations of synthetic spectral lines.
Results: In normal stars, line profile ratios between various transit
phases may vary by 0.5%, requiring S/N ≳ 5000 for meaningful spectral
reconstruction. While not yet realistic for individual spectral lines,
this is achievable for cool stars by averaging over numerous lines
with similar parameters.
Conclusions: For bright host stars of
large transiting planets, spatially resolved spectroscopy is currently
practical. More observable targets are likely to be found in the near
future by ongoing photometric searches.
Title: Contributions of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) to
the 6th International Symposium on High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy
(Gamma 2016)
Authors: CTA Consortium, The; :; Abchiche, A.; Abeysekara, U.; Abril,
Ó.; Acero, F.; Acharya, B. S.; Adams, C.; Agnetta, G.; Aharonian,
F.; Akhperjanian, A.; Albert, A.; Alcubierre, M.; Alfaro, J.; Alfaro,
R.; Allafort, A. J.; Aloisio, R.; Amans, J. -P.; Amato, E.; Ambrogi,
L.; Ambrosi, G.; Ambrosio, M.; Anderson, J.; Anduze, M.; Angüner,
E. O.; Antolini, E.; Antonelli, L. A.; Antonucci, M.; Antonuccio,
V.; Antoranz, P.; Aramo, C.; Aravantinos, A.; Araya, M.; Arcaro, C.;
Arezki, B.; Argan, A.; Armstrong, T.; Arqueros, F.; Arrabito, L.;
Arrieta, M.; Asano, K.; Ashley, M.; Aubert, P.; Singh, C. B.; Babic,
A.; Backes, M.; Bais, A.; Bajtlik, S.; Balazs, C.; Balbo, M.; Balis,
D.; Balkowski, C.; Ballester, O.; Ballet, J.; Balzer, A.; Bamba,
A.; Bandiera, R.; Barber, A.; Barbier, C.; Barcelo, M.; Barkov,
M.; Barnacka, A.; Barres de Almeida, U.; Barrio, J. A.; Basso, S.;
Bastieri, D.; Bauer, C.; Becciani, U.; Becherini, Y.; Becker Tjus,
J.; Beckmann, V.; Bednarek, W.; Benbow, W.; Benedico Ventura, D.;
Berdugo, J.; Berge, D.; Bernardini, E.; Bernardini, M. G.; Bernhard,
S.; Bernlöhr, K.; Bertucci, B.; Besel, M. -A.; Beshley, V.; Bhatt,
N.; Bhattacharjee, P.; Bhattacharyya, W.; Bhattachryya, S.; Biasuzzi,
B.; Bicknell, G.; Bigongiari, C.; Biland, A.; Bilinsky, A.; Bilnik,
W.; Biondo, B.; Bird, R.; Bird, T.; Bissaldi, E.; Bitossi, M.;
Blanch, O.; Blasi, P.; Blazek, J.; Bockermann, C.; Boehm, C.; Bogacz,
L.; Bogdan, M.; Bohacova, M.; Boisson, C.; Boix, J.; Bolmont, J.;
Bonanno, G.; Bonardi, A.; Bonavolontà, C.; Bonifacio, P.; Bonnarel,
F.; Bonnoli, G.; Borkowski, J.; Bose, R.; Bosnjak, Z.; Böttcher, M.;
Bousquet, J. -J.; Boutonnet, C.; Bouyjou, F.; Bowman, L.; Braiding,
C.; Brantseg, T.; Brau-Nogué, S.; Bregeon, J.; Briggs, M.; Brigida,
M.; Bringmann, T.; Brisken, W.; Bristow, D.; Britto, R.; Brocato, E.;
Bron, S.; Brook, P.; Brooks, W.; Brown, A. M.; Brügge, K.; Brun, F.;
Brun, P.; Brun, P.; Brunetti, G.; Brunetti, L.; Bruno, P.; Buanes,
T.; Bucciantini, N.; Buchholtz, G.; Buckley, J.; Bugaev, V.; Bühler,
R.; Bulgarelli, A.; Bulik, T.; Burton, M.; Burtovoi, A.; Busetto,
G.; Buson, S.; Buss, J.; Byrum, K.; Cadoux, F.; Calvo Tovar, J.;
Cameron, R.; Canelli, F.; Canestrari, R.; Capalbi, M.; Capasso, M.;
Capobianco, G.; Caproni, A.; Caraveo, P.; Cardenzana, J.; Cardillo,
M.; Carius, S.; Carlile, C.; Carosi, A.; Carosi, R.; Carquín, E.;
Carr, J.; Carroll, M.; Carter, J.; Carton, P. -H.; Casandjian, J. -M.;
Casanova, S.; Casanova, S.; Cascone, E.; Casiraghi, M.; Castellina,
A.; Castroviejo Mora, J.; Catalani, F.; Catalano, O.; Catalanotti,
S.; Cauz, D.; Cavazzani, S.; Cerchiara, P.; Chabanne, E.; Chadwick,
P.; Chaleil, T.; Champion, C.; Chatterjee, A.; Chaty, S.; Chaves, R.;
Chen, A.; Chen, X.; Chen, X.; Cheng, K.; Chernyakova, M.; Chiappetti,
L.; Chikawa, M.; Chinn, D.; Chitnis, V. R.; Cho, N.; Christov, A.;
Chudoba, J.; Cieślar, M.; Ciocci, M. A.; Clay, R.; Colafrancesco,
S.; Colin, P.; Colley, J. -M.; Colombo, E.; Colome, J.; Colonges, S.;
Conforti, V.; Connaughton, V.; Connell, S.; Conrad, J.; Contreras,
J. L.; Coppi, P.; Corbel, S.; Coridian, J.; Cornat, R.; Corona,
P.; Corti, D.; Cortina, J.; Cossio, L.; Costa, A.; Costantini, H.;
Cotter, G.; Courty, B.; Covino, S.; Covone, G.; Crimi, G.; Criswell,
S. J.; Crocker, R.; Croston, J.; Cuadra, J.; Cumani, P.; Cusumano,
G.; Da Vela, P.; Dale, Ø.; D'Ammando, F.; Dang, D.; Dang, V. T.;
Dangeon, L.; Daniel, M.; Davids, I.; Davids, I.; Dawson, B.; Dazzi,
F.; de Aguiar Costa, B.; De Angelis, A.; de Araujo Cardoso, R. F.;
De Caprio, V.; de Cássia dos Anjos, R.; De Cesare, G.; De Franco,
A.; De Frondat, F.; de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M.; de la Calle, I.;
De Lisio, C.; de los Reyes Lopez, R.; De Lotto, B.; De Luca, A.; de
Mello Neto, J. R. T.; de Naurois, M.; de Oña Wilhelmi, E.; De Palma,
F.; De Persio, F.; de Souza, V.; Decock, G.; Decock, J.; Deil, C.;
Del Santo, M.; Delagnes, E.; Deleglise, G.; Delgado, C.; Delgado, J.;
della Volpe, D.; Deloye, P.; Detournay, M.; Dettlaff, A.; Devin, J.;
Di Girolamo, T.; Di Giulio, C.; Di Paola, A.; Di Pierro, F.; Diaz,
M. A.; Díaz, C.; Dib, C.; Dick, J.; Dickinson, H.; Diebold, S.;
Digel, S.; Dipold, J.; Disset, G.; Distefano, A.; Djannati-Ataï, A.;
Doert, M.; Dohmke, M.; Domínguez, A.; Dominik, N.; Dominique, J. -L.;
Dominis Prester, D.; Donat, A.; Donnarumma, I.; Dorner, D.; Doro,
M.; Dournaux, J. -L.; Downes, T.; Doyle, K.; Drake, G.; Drappeau,
S.; Drass, H.; Dravins, D.; Drury, L.; Dubus, G.; Ducci, L.; Dumas,
D.; Dundas Morå, K.; Durand, D.; D'Urso, D.; Dwarkadas, V.; Dyks,
J.; Dyrda, M.; Ebr, J.; Edy, E.; Egberts, K.; Eger, P.; Egorov, A.;
Einecke, S.; Eisch, J.; Eisenkolb, F.; Eleftheriadis, C.; Elsaesser,
D.; Elsässer, D.; Emmanoulopoulos, D.; Engelbrecht, C.; Engelhaupt,
D.; Ernenwein, J. -P.; Escarate, P.; Eschbach, S.; Espinoza, C.;
Evans, P.; Fairbairn, M.; Falceta-Goncalves, D.; Falcone, A.; Fallah
Ramazani, V.; Fantinel, D.; Farakos, K.; Farnier, C.; Farrell, E.;
Fasola, G.; Favre, Y.; Fede, E.; Fedora, R.; Fedorova, E.; Fegan, S.;
Ferenc, D.; Fernandez-Alonso, M.; Fernández-Barral, A.; Ferrand, G.;
Ferreira, O.; Fesquet, M.; Fetfatzis, P.; Fiandrini, E.; Fiasson, A.;
Filipčič, A.; Filipovic, M.; Fink, D.; Finley, C.; Finley, J. P.;
Finoguenov, A.; Fioretti, V.; Fiorini, M.; Fleischhack, H.; Flores,
H.; Florin, D.; Föhr, C.; Fokitis, E.; Fonseca, M. V.; Font, L.;
Fontaine, G.; Fontes, B.; Fornasa, M.; Fornasa, M.; Förster, A.;
Fortin, P.; Fortson, L.; Fouque, N.; Franckowiak, A.; Franckowiak,
A.; Franco, F. J.; Freire Mota Albuquerque, I.; Freixas Coromina,
L.; Fresnillo, L.; Fruck, C.; Fuessling, M.; Fugazza, D.; Fujita, Y.;
Fukami, S.; Fukazawa, Y.; Fukuda, T.; Fukui, Y.; Funk, S.; Furniss, A.;
Gäbele, W.; Gabici, S.; Gadola, A.; Galindo, D.; Gall, D. D.; Gallant,
Y.; Galloway, D.; Gallozzi, S.; Galvez, J. A.; Gao, S.; Garcia, A.;
Garcia, B.; García Gil, R.; Garcia López, R.; Garczarczyk, M.;
Gardiol, D.; Gargano, C.; Gargano, F.; Garozzo, S.; Garrecht, F.;
Garrido, L.; Garrido-Ruiz, M.; Gascon, D.; Gaskins, J.; Gaudemard,
J.; Gaug, M.; Gaweda, J.; Gebhardt, B.; Gebyehu, M.; Geffroy, N.;
Genolini, B.; Gerard, L.; Ghalumyan, A.; Ghedina, A.; Ghislain, P.;
Giammaria, P.; Giannakaki, E.; Gianotti, F.; Giarrusso, S.; Giavitto,
G.; Giebels, B.; Gieras, T.; Giglietto, N.; Gika, V.; Gimenes, R.;
Giomi, M.; Giommi, P.; Giordano, F.; Giovannini, G.; Girardot, P.;
Giro, E.; Giroletti, M.; Gironnet, J.; Giuliani, A.; Glicenstein,
J. -F.; Gnatyk, R.; Godinovic, N.; Goldoni, P.; Gomez, G.; Gonzalez,
M. M.; González, A.; Gora, D.; Gothe, K. S.; Gotz, D.; Goullon, J.;
Grabarczyk, T.; Graciani, R.; Graham, J.; Grandi, P.; Granot, J.;
Grasseau, G.; Gredig, R.; Green, A. J.; Green, A. M.; Greenshaw, T.;
Grenier, I.; Griffiths, S.; Grillo, A.; Grondin, M. -H.; Grube, J.;
Grudzinska, M.; Grygorczuk, J.; Guarino, V.; Guberman, D.; Gunji, S.;
Gyuk, G.; Hadasch, D.; Hagedorn, A.; Hagge, L.; Hahn, J.; Hakobyan,
H.; Hara, S.; Hardcastle, M. J.; Hassan, T.; Hatanaka, K.; Haubold,
T.; Haupt, A.; Hayakawa, T.; Hayashida, M.; Heller, M.; Heller,
R.; Helo, J. C.; Henault, F.; Henri, G.; Hermann, G.; Hermel, R.;
Herrera Llorente, J.; Herrera Llorente, J.; Herrero, A.; Hervet,
O.; Hidaka, N.; Hinton, J.; Hirai, W.; Hirotani, K.; Hnatyk, B.;
Hoang, J.; Hoffmann, D.; Hofmann, W.; Holch, T.; Holder, J.; Hooper,
S.; Horan, D.; Hörandel, J.; Hörbe, M.; Horns, D.; Horvath, P.;
Hose, J.; Houles, J.; Hovatta, T.; Hrabovsky, M.; Hrupec, D.; Huet,
J. -M.; Huetten, M.; Hughes, G.; Hui, D.; Humensky, T. B.; Hussein,
M.; Iacovacci, M.; Ibarra, A.; Ikeno, Y.; Illa, J. M.; Impiombato,
D.; Inada, T.; Incorvaia, S.; Infante, L.; Inome, Y.; Inoue, S.;
Inoue, T.; Inoue, Y.; Iocco, F.; Ioka, K.; Iori, M.; Ishio, K.;
Ishio, K.; Israel, G. L.; Iwamura, Y.; Jablonski, C.; Jacholkowska,
A.; Jacquemier, J.; Jamrozy, M.; Janecek, P.; Janiak, M.; Jankowsky,
D.; Jankowsky, F.; Jean, P.; Jegouzo, I.; Jenke, P.; Jimenez, J. J.;
Jingo, M.; Jingo, M.; Jocou, L.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, C. A.; Jones,
M.; Josselin, M.; Journet, L.; Jung, I.; Kaaret, P.; Kagaya, M.;
Kakuwa, J.; Kalekin, O.; Kalkuhl, C.; Kamon, H.; Kankanyan, R.;
Karastergiou, A.; Kärcher, K.; Karczewski, M.; Karkar, S.; Karn, P.;
Kasperek, J.; Katagiri, H.; Kataoka, J.; Katarzyński, K.; Kato, S.;
Katz, U.; Kawanaka, N.; Kaye, L.; Kazanas, D.; Kelley-Hoskins, N.;
Kersten, J.; Khélifi, B.; Kieda, D. B.; Kihm, T.; Kimeswenger, S.;
Kisaka, S.; Kishida, S.; Kissmann, R.; Klepser, S.; Kluźniak, W.;
Knapen, J.; Knapp, J.; Knödlseder, J.; Koch, B.; Köck, F.; Kocot,
J.; Kohri, K.; Kokkotas, K.; Kokkotas, K.; Kolitzus, D.; Komin, N.;
Kominis, I.; Kong, A.; Konno, Y.; Kosack, K.; Koss, G.; Kossatz, M.;
Kowal, G.; Koyama, S.; Kozioł, J.; Kraus, M.; Krause, J.; Krause, M.;
Krawzcynski, H.; Krennrich, F.; Kretzschmann, A.; Kruger, P.; Kubo, H.;
Kudryavtsev, V.; Kukec Mezek, G.; Kuklis, M.; Kuroda, H.; Kushida, J.;
La Barbera, A.; La Palombara, N.; La Parola, V.; La Rosa, G.; Laffon,
H.; Lahmann, R.; Lakicevic, M.; Lalik, K.; Lamanna, G.; Landriu,
D.; Landt, H.; Lang, R. G.; Lapington, J.; Laporte, P.; Le Fèvre,
J. -P.; Le Flour, T.; Le Sidaner, P.; Lee, S. -H.; Lee, W. H.; Lees,
J. -P.; Lefaucheur, J.; Leffhalm, K.; Leich, H.; Leigui de Oliveira,
M. A.; Lelas, D.; Lemière, A.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lenain, J. -P.;
Leonard, R.; Leoni, R.; Lessio, L.; Leto, G.; Leveque, A.; Lieunard,
B.; Limon, M.; Lindemann, R.; Lindfors, E.; Linhoff, L.; Liolios,
A.; Lipniacka, A.; Lockart, H.; Lohse, T.; Łokas, E.; Lombardi, S.;
Longo, F.; Lopatin, A.; Lopez, M.; Loreggia, D.; Louge, T.; Louis,
F.; Louys, M.; Lucarelli, F.; Lucchesi, D.; Lüdecke, H.; Luigi, T.;
Luque-Escamilla, P. L.; Lyard, E.; Maccarone, M. C.; Maccarone, T.;
Maccarone, T. J.; Mach, E.; Madejski, G. M.; Madonna, A.; Magniette,
F.; Magniez, A.; Mahabir, M.; Maier, G.; Majumdar, P.; Majumdar, P.;
Makariev, M.; Malaguti, G.; Malaspina, G.; Mallot, A. K.; Malouf,
A.; Maltezos, S.; Malyshev, D.; Mancilla, A.; Mandat, D.; Maneva, G.;
Manganaro, M.; Mangano, S.; Manigot, P.; Mankushiyil, N.; Mannheim, K.;
Maragos, N.; Marano, D.; Marchegiani, P.; Marcomini, J. A.; Marcowith,
A.; Mariotti, M.; Marisaldi, M.; Markoff, S.; Martens, C.; Martí,
J.; Martin, J. -M.; Martin, L.; Martin, P.; Martínez, G.; Martínez,
M.; Martínez, O.; Martynyuk-Lototskyy, K.; Marx, R.; Masetti, N.;
Massimino, P.; Mastichiadis, A.; Mastroianni, S.; Mastropietro, M.;
Masuda, S.; Matsumoto, H.; Matsuoka, S.; Matthews, N.; Mattiazzo, S.;
Maurin, G.; Maxted, N.; Maxted, N.; Maya, J.; Mayer, M.; Mazin, D.;
Mazziotta, M. N.; Mc Comb, L.; McCubbin, N.; McHardy, I.; Medina,
C.; Mehrez, F.; Melioli, C.; Melkumyan, D.; Melse, T.; Mereghetti,
S.; Merk, M.; Mertsch, P.; Meunier, J. -L.; Meures, T.; Meyer, M.;
Meyrelles, J. L., jr; Miccichè, A.; Michael, T.; Michałowski, J.;
Mientjes, P.; Mievre, I.; Mihailidis, A.; Miller, J.; Mineo, T.;
Minuti, M.; Mirabal, N.; Mirabel, F.; Miranda, J. M.; Mirzoyan, R.;
Mitchell, A.; Mizuno, T.; Moderski, R.; Mognet, I.; Mohammed, M.;
Moharana, R.; Mohrmann, L.; Molinari, E.; Molyneux, P.; Monmarthe,
E.; Monnier, G.; Montaruli, T.; Monte, C.; Monteiro, I.; Mooney, D.;
Moore, P.; Moralejo, A.; Morello, C.; Moretti, E.; Mori, K.; Morris,
P.; Morselli, A.; Moscato, F.; Motohashi, D.; Mottez, F.; Moudden,
Y.; Moulin, E.; Mueller, S.; Mukherjee, R.; Munar, P.; Munari, M.;
Mundell, C.; Mundet, J.; Muraishi, H.; Murase, K.; Muronga, A.; Murphy,
A.; Nagar, N.; Nagataki, S.; Nagayoshi, T.; Nagesh, B. K.; Naito,
T.; Nakajima, D.; Nakajima, D.; Nakamori, T.; Nakayama, K.; Nanni,
J.; Naumann, D.; Nayman, P.; Nellen, L.; Nemmen, R.; Neronov, A.;
Neyroud, N.; Nguyen, T.; Nguyen, T. T.; Nguyen Trung, T.; Nicastro, L.;
Nicolau-Kukliński, J.; Niederwanger, F.; Niedźwiecki, A.; Niemiec,
J.; Nieto, D.; Nievas-Rosillo, M.; Nikolaidis, A.; Nikołajuk, M.;
Nishijima, K.; Nishikawa, K. -I.; Nishiyama, G.; Noda, K.; Noda,
K.; Nogues, L.; Nolan, S.; Northrop, R.; Nosek, D.; Nöthe, M.;
Novosyadlyj, B.; Nozka, L.; Nunio, F.; Oakes, L.; O'Brien, P.; Ocampo,
C.; Occhipinti, G.; Ochoa, J. P.; OFaolain de Bhroithe, A.; Oger, R.;
Ohira, Y.; Ohishi, M.; Ohm, S.; Ohoka, H.; Okazaki, N.; Okumura, A.;
Olive, J. -F.; Olszowski, D.; Ong, R. A.; Ono, S.; Orienti, M.; Orito,
R.; Orlati, A.; Osborne, J.; Ostrowski, M.; Ottaway, D.; Otte, N.;
Öttl, S.; Ovcharov, E.; Oya, I.; Ozieblo, A.; Padovani, M.; Pagano,
I.; Paiano, S.; Paizis, A.; Palacio, J.; Palatka, M.; Pallotta, J.;
Panagiotidis, K.; Panazol, J. -L.; Paneque, D.; Panter, M.; Panzera,
M. R.; Paoletti, R.; Paolillo, M.; Papayannis, A.; Papyan, G.; Paravac,
A.; Paredes, J. M.; Pareschi, G.; Park, N.; Parsons, D.; Paśko, P.;
Pavy, S.; Pech, M.; Peck, A.; Pedaletti, G.; Pe'er, A.; Peet, S.;
Pelat, D.; Pepato, A.; Perez, M. d. C.; Perri, L.; Perri, M.; Persic,
M.; Persic, M.; Petrashyk, A.; Petrucci, P. -O.; Petruk, O.; Peyaud,
B.; Pfeifer, M.; Pfeiffer, G.; Piano, G.; Pieloth, D.; Pierre, E.;
Pinto de Pinho, F.; García, C. Pio; Piret, Y.; Pisarski, A.; Pita,
S.; Platos, Ł.; Platzer, R.; Podkladkin, S.; Pogosyan, L.; Pohl,
M.; Poinsignon, P.; Pollo, A.; Porcelli, A.; Porthault, J.; Potter,
W.; Poulios, S.; Poutanen, J.; Prandini, E.; Prandini, E.; Prast, J.;
Pressard, K.; Principe, G.; Profeti, F.; Prokhorov, D.; Prokoph, H.;
Prouza, M.; Pruchniewicz, R.; Pruteanu, G.; Pueschel, E.; Pühlhofer,
G.; Puljak, I.; Punch, M.; Pürckhauer, S.; Pyzioł, R.; Queiroz,
F.; Quel, E. J.; Quinn, J.; Quirrenbach, A.; Rafighi, I.; Rainò, S.;
Rajda, P. J.; Rameez, M.; Rando, R.; Rannot, R. C.; Rataj, M.; Ravel,
T.; Razzaque, S.; Reardon, P.; Reichardt, I.; Reimann, O.; Reimer,
A.; Reimer, O.; Reisenegger, A.; Renaud, M.; Renner, S.; Reposeur,
T.; Reville, B.; Rezaeian, A.; Rhode, W.; Ribeiro, D.; Ribeiro Prado,
R.; Ribó, M.; Richards, G.; Richer, M. G.; Richtler, T.; Rico, J.;
Ridky, J.; Rieger, F.; Riquelme, M.; Ristori, P. R.; Rivoire, S.; Rizi,
V.; Roache, E.; Rodriguez, J.; Rodriguez Fernandez, G.; Rodríguez
Vázquez, J. J.; Rojas, G.; Romano, P.; Romeo, G.; Roncadelli, M.;
Rosado, J.; Rose, J.; Rosen, S.; Rosier Lees, S.; Ross, D.; Rouaix,
G.; Rousselle, J.; Rovero, A. C.; Rowell, G.; Roy, F.; Royer, S.;
Rubini, A.; Rudak, B.; Rugliancich, A.; Rujopakarn, W.; Rulten,
C.; Rupiński, M.; Russo, F.; Russo, F.; Rutkowski, K.; Saavedra,
O.; Sabatini, S.; Sacco, B.; Sadeh, I.; Saemann, E. O.; Safi-Harb,
S.; Saggion, A.; Sahakian, V.; Saito, T.; Sakaki, N.; Sakurai, S.;
Salamon, A.; Salega, M.; Salek, D.; Salesa Greus, F.; Salgado, J.;
Salina, G.; Salinas, L.; Salini, A.; Sanchez, D.; Sanchez-Conde, M.;
Sandaker, H.; Sandoval, A.; Sangiorgi, P.; Sanguillon, M.; Sano, H.;
Santander, M.; Santangelo, A.; Santos, E. M.; Santos-Lima, R.; Sanuy,
A.; Sapozhnikov, L.; Sarkar, S.; Satalecka, K.; Satalecka, K.; Sato,
Y.; Savalle, R.; Sawada, M.; Sayède, F.; Schanne, S.; Schanz, T.;
Schioppa, E. J.; Schlenstedt, S.; Schmid, J.; Schmidt, T.; Schmoll,
J.; Schneider, M.; Schoorlemmer, H.; Schovanek, P.; Schubert, A.;
Schullian, E. -M.; Schultze, J.; Schulz, A.; Schulz, S.; Schure, K.;
Schussler, F.; Schwab, T.; Schwanke, U.; Schwarz, J.; Schweizer, T.;
Schwemmer, S.; Schwendicke, U.; Schwerdt, C.; Sciacca, E.; Scuderi,
S.; Segreto, A.; Seiradakis, J. -H.; Sembroski, G. H.; Semikoz, D.;
Sergijenko, O.; Serre, N.; Servillat, M.; Seweryn, K.; Shafi, N.;
Shalchi, A.; Sharma, M.; Shayduk, M.; Shellard, R. C.; Shibata, T.;
Shigenaka, A.; Shilon, I.; Shum, E.; Sidoli, L.; Sidz, M.; Sieiro, J.;
Siejkowski, H.; Silk, J.; Sillanpää, A.; Simone, D.; Simpson, H.;
Singh, B. B.; Sinha, A.; Sironi, G.; Sitarek, J.; Sizun, P.; Sliusar,
V.; Sliusar, V.; Smith, A.; Sobczyńska, D.; Sol, H.; Sottile, G.;
Sowiński, M.; Spanier, F.; Spengler, G.; Spiga, R.; Stadler, R.;
Stahl, O.; Stamerra, A.; Stanič, S.; Starling, R.; Staszak, D.;
Stawarz, Ł.; Steenkamp, R.; Stefanik, S.; Stegmann, C.; Steiner, S.;
Stella, C.; Stephan, M.; Stergioulas, N.; Sternberger, R.; Sterzel, M.;
Stevenson, B.; Stinzing, F.; Stodulska, M.; Stodulski, M.; Stolarczyk,
T.; Stratta, G.; Straumann, U.; Stringhetti, L.; Strzys, M.; Stuik,
R.; Sulanke, K. -H.; Suomijärvi, T.; Supanitsky, A. D.; Suric, T.;
Sushch, I.; Sutcliffe, P.; Sykes, J.; Szanecki, M.; Szepieniec, T.;
Szwarnog, P.; Tacchini, A.; Tachihara, K.; Tagliaferri, G.; Tajima,
H.; Takahashi, H.; Takahashi, K.; Takahashi, M.; Takalo, L.; Takami,
S.; Takata, J.; Takeda, J.; Talbot, G.; Tam, T.; Tanaka, M.; Tanaka,
S.; Tanaka, T.; Tanaka, Y.; Tanci, C.; Tanigawa, S.; Tavani, M.;
Tavecchio, F.; Tavernet, J. -P.; Tayabaly, K.; Taylor, A.; Tejedor,
L. A.; Telezhinsky, I.; Temme, F.; Temnikov, P.; Tenzer, C.; Terada,
Y.; Terrazas, J. C.; Terrier, R.; Terront, D.; Terzic, T.; Tescaro,
D.; Teshima, M.; Teshima, M.; Testa, V.; Tezier, D.; Thayer, J.;
Thornhill, J.; Thoudam, S.; Thuermann, D.; Tibaldo, L.; Tiengo,
A.; Timpanaro, M. C.; Tiziani, D.; Tluczykont, M.; Todero Peixoto,
C. J.; Tokanai, F.; Tokarz, M.; Toma, K.; Tomastik, J.; Tomono, Y.;
Tonachini, A.; Tonev, D.; Torii, K.; Tornikoski, M.; Torres, D. F.;
Torres, M.; Torresi, E.; Toso, G.; Tosti, G.; Totani, T.; Tothill, N.;
Toussenel, F.; Tovmassian, G.; Toyama, T.; Travnicek, P.; Trichard,
C.; Trifoglio, M.; Troyano Pujadas, I.; Trzeciak, M.; Tsinganos, K.;
Tsujimoto, S.; Tsuru, T.; Uchiyama, Y.; Umana, G.; Umetsu, Y.; Upadhya,
S. S.; Uslenghi, M.; Vagelli, V.; Vagnetti, F.; Valdes-Galicia, J.;
Valentino, M.; Vallania, P.; Valore, L.; van Driel, W.; van Eldik,
C.; van Soelen, B.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vanderwalt, J.; Vasileiadis,
G.; Vassiliev, V.; Vázquez, J. R.; Vázquez Acosta, M. L.; Vecchi,
M.; Vega, A.; Vegas, I.; Veitch, P.; Venault, P.; Venema, L.; Venter,
C.; Vercellone, S.; Vergani, S.; Verma, K.; Verzi, V.; Vettolani,
G. P.; Veyssiere, C.; Viana, A.; Viaux, N.; Vicha, J.; Vigorito,
C.; Vincent, P.; Vincent, S.; Vink, J.; Vittorini, V.; Vlahakis, N.;
Vlahos, L.; Voelk, H.; Voisin, V.; Vollhardt, A.; Volpicelli, A.; von
Brand, H.; Vorobiov, S.; Vovk, I.; Vrastil, M.; Vu, L. V.; Vuillaume,
T.; Wagner, R.; Wagner, R.; Wagner, S. J.; Wakely, S. P.; Walstra, T.;
Walter, R.; Walther, T.; Ward, J. E.; Ward, M.; Warda, K.; Warren,
D.; Wassberg, S.; Watson, J. J.; Wawer, P.; Wawrzaszek, R.; Webb,
N.; Wegner, P.; Weiner, O.; Weinstein, A.; Wells, R.; Werner, F.;
Wetteskind, H.; White, M.; White, R.; Więcek, M.; Wierzcholska, A.;
Wiesand, S.; Wijers, R.; Wilcox, P.; Wild, N.; Wilhelm, A.; Wilkinson,
M.; Will, M.; Will, M.; Williams, D. A.; Williams, J. T.; Willingale,
R.; Wilson, N.; Winde, M.; Winiarski, K.; Winkler, H.; Winter, M.;
Wischnewski, R.; Witt, E.; Wojcik, P.; Wolf, D.; Wood, M.; Wörnlein,
A.; Wu, E.; Wu, T.; Yadav, K. K.; Yamamoto, H.; Yamamoto, T.; Yamane,
N.; Yamazaki, R.; Yanagita, S.; Yang, L.; Yelos, D.; Yoshida, A.;
Yoshida, M.; Yoshida, T.; Yoshiike, S.; Yoshikoshi, T.; Yu, P.;
Zabalza, V.; Zaborov, D.; Zacharias, M.; Zaharijas, G.; Zajczyk,
A.; Zampieri, L.; Zandanel, F.; Zanmar Sanchez, R.; Zaric, D.;
Zavrtanik, D.; Zavrtanik, M.; Zdziarski, A.; Zech, A.; Zechlin, H.;
Zhao, A.; Zhdanov, V.; Ziegler, A.; Ziemann, J.; Ziętara, K.; Zink,
A.; Ziółkowski, J.; Zitelli, V.; Zoli, A.; Zorn, J.; Żychowski, P.
Bibcode: 2016arXiv161005151C
Altcode:
List of contributions from the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA)
Consortium presented at the 6th International Symposium on High-Energy
Gamma-Ray Astronomy (Gamma 2016), July 11-15, 2016, in Heidelberg,
Germany.
Title: Exoplanet Transits Enable High-Resolution Spectroscopy Across
Spatially Resolved Stellar Surfaces
Authors: Dravins, Dainis; Ludwig, Hans-Günter; Dahlén, Erik;
Pazira, Hiva
Bibcode: 2016csss.confE..66D
Altcode: 2016arXiv160703489D
Observations of stellar surfaces ndash; except for the Sun ndash;
are hampered by their tiny angular extent, while observed spectral
lines are smeared by averaging over the stellar surface, and by stellar
rotation. Exoplanet transits can be used to analyze stellar atmospheric
structure, yielding high-resolution spectra across spatially highly
resolved stellar surfaces, free from effects of spatial smearing and the
rotational wavelength broadening present in full-disk spectra. During
a transit, stellar surface portions successively become hidden, and
differential spectroscopy between various transit phases provides
spectra of those surface segments then hidden behind the planet. The
small area subtended by even a large planet (about 1% of a main-sequence
star) offers high spatial resolution but demands very precise
observations. We demonstrate the reconstruction of photospheric Fe I
line profilesnbsp;at a spectral resolution R=80,000 across the surface
of the solar-type star HD 209458. Any detailed understanding of stellar
atmospheres requires modeling with 3-dimensional hydrodynamics. The
properties predicted by such models are mapped onto the precise
spectral-line shapes, asymmetries and wavelength shifts, and their
variation from the center to the limb across any stellar disk. This
method provides a tool for testing and verifying such models. The
method will soon become applicable to more diverse types of stars,
thanks to new spectrometers on very large telescopes, and since ongoing
photometric searches are expected to discover additional bright host
stars of transiting exoplanets.>
Title: Intensity interferometry: optical imaging with kilometer
baselines
Authors: Dravins, Dainis
Bibcode: 2016SPIE.9907E..0MD
Altcode: 2016arXiv160703490D
Optical imaging with microarcsecond resolution will reveal details
across and outside stellar surfaces but requires kilometer-scale
interferometers, challenging to realize either on the ground or in
space. Intensity interferometry, electronically connecting independent
telescopes, has a noise budget that relates to the electronic time
resolution, circumventing issues of atmospheric turbulence. Extents up
to a few km are becoming realistic with arrays of optical air Cherenkov
telescopes (primarily erected for gamma-ray studies), enabling an
optical equivalent of radio interferometer arrays. Pioneered by
Hanbury Brown and Twiss, digital versions of the technique have now
been demonstrated, reconstructing diffraction-limited images from
laboratory measurements over hundreds of optical baselines. This review
outlines the method from its beginnings, describes current experiments,
and sketches prospects for future observations.
Title: Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy Across HD189733 (K1V) Using
Exoplanet Transits
Authors: Gustavsson, Martin; Dravins, Dainis; Ludwig, Hans-Günter
Bibcode: 2016csss.confE..53G
Altcode:
For testing 3-dimensional models of stellar atmospheres, spectroscopy
across spatially resolved stellar surfaces would be desired with
a spectral resolution of(R = 100,000) or more. Hydrodynamic models
predict variations in line profile shapes, strengths, wavelength
positions and asymmetries. These variations vary systematically between
disk center and limb and as a function of line strength, excitation
potential and wavelength region. However, except for a few supergiants
and the Sun, current telescopes are not yet capable of resolving
any stellar surfaces. One alternative method to resolve distant
stellar surfaces, feasible already now, is differential spectroscopy
of transiting exoplanet systems. By subtracting in-transit spectra
from the spectrum outside of transit, the spectra from stellar surface
portions temporarily hidden behind the planet can be disentangled. Since
transiting planets cover only a small portion of the stellar surface,
the method requires a very high signal-to-noise ratio, obtainable by
averaging numerous similar spectral lines. We apply such differential
spectroscopy on the 7.7 mag K1V star HD 189733 ('Alopex'*); its
transiting planet covers ∼ 3% of its host star's surface, which
is the deepest known transit among the brighter systems. Archival
data from the ESO HARPS spectrometerare used to construct averaged
profiles of photospheric Fe I lines, with the aim of comparing spatially
resolved profiles to analogous synthetic line profiles computed from the
3-dimensional hydrodynamic CO5BOLD model.
* We refer
to HD 189733 as 'Alopex' (from the Greek 'αλɛπού'), denoting a
fox related to the one that gave name to its constellation of Vulpecula.
Title: Stellar Intensity Interferometry over Kilometer Baselines:
Optical aperture synthesis with electronically connected telescopes
Authors: Dravins, Dainis; Lagadec, Tiphaine; Nuñez, Paul D.
Bibcode: 2015IAUGA..2233727D
Altcode:
Diffraction-limited optical imaging over kilometer baselines will reveal
stellar surfaces, perhaps even resolving the silhouettes of transiting
exoplanets. An opportunity is opening up with arrays of air Cherenkov
telescopes used for intensity interferometry, a technique once pioneered
by Hanbury Brown and Twiss. Being essentially insensitive to atmospheric
turbulence, this permits both very long baselines and observing at
short optical wavelengths.System verifications have been made in a
large optics laboratory. Artificial stars were observed by a group of
small telescopes equipped with nanosecond-resolving photon-counting
detectors, their outputs processed in a digital correlator. Numerous
telescope pairs at different baseline lengths and orientations build
up a two-dimensional map of the second-order spatial coherence of the
source, from which its image can be extracted.From up to 180 baselines
thus measured, full two-dimensional images were reconstructed. As far as
we are aware, these are the first diffraction-limited images produced
by an array of optical telescopes connected only electronically
in software, with no optical connections between them. Since the
electronic signal from any telescope can be freely copied without
loss of signal, very many baselines can be built up between dispersed
telescopes. Using arrays of air Cherenkov telescopes, this should enable
the optical equivalent of interferometric aperture synthesis arrays
currently operating at radio wavelengths. arxiv.org/abs/1407.5993,
Nature Commun., in press (2015)
Title: CTA Contributions to the 34th International Cosmic Ray
Conference (ICRC2015)
Authors: CTA Consortium, The; :; Abchiche, A.; Abeysekara, U.; Abril,
Ó.; Acero, F.; Acharya, B. S.; Actis, M.; Agnetta, G.; Aguilar,
J. A.; Aharonian, F.; Akhperjanian, A.; Albert, A.; Alcubierre,
M.; Alfaro, R.; Aliu, E.; Allafort, A. J.; Allan, D.; Allekotte,
I.; Aloisio, R.; Amans, J. -P.; Amato, E.; Ambrogi, L.; Ambrosi, G.;
Ambrosio, M.; Anderson, J.; Anduze, M.; Angüner, E. O.; Antolini, E.;
Antonelli, L. A.; Antonucci, M.; Antonuccio, V.; Antoranz, P.; Aramo,
C.; Aravantinos, A.; Argan, A.; Armstrong, T.; Arnaldi, H.; Arnold, L.;
Arrabito, L.; Arrieta, M.; Arrieta, M.; Asano, K.; Asorey, H. G.; Aune,
T.; Singh, C. B.; Babic, A.; Backes, M.; Bais, A.; Bajtlik, S.; Balazs,
C.; Balbo, M.; Balis, D.; Balkowski, C.; Ballester, O.; Ballet, J.;
Balzer, A.; Bamba, A.; Bandiera, R.; Barber, A.; Barbier, C.; Barceló,
M.; Barnacka, A.; Barres de Almeida, U.; Barrio, J. A.; Basso, S.;
Bastieri, D.; Bauer, C.; Baushev, A.; Becciani, U.; Becherini, Y.;
Becker Tjus, J.; Beckmann, V.; Bednarek, W.; Benbow, W.; Benedico
Ventura, D.; Berdugo, J.; Berge, D.; Bernardini, E.; Bernhard, S.;
Bernlöhr, K.; Bertucci, B.; Besel, M. -A.; Bhatt, N.; Bhattacharjee,
P.; Bhattachryya, S.; Biasuzzi, B.; Bicknell, G.; Bigongiari, C.;
Biland, A.; Billotta, S.; Bilnik, W.; Biondo, B.; Bird, T.; Birsin,
E.; Bissaldi, E.; Biteau, J.; Bitossi, M.; Blanch Bigas, O.; Blasi,
P.; Boehm, C.; Bogacz, L.; Bogdan, M.; Bohacova, M.; Boisson, C.;
Boix Gargallo, J.; Bolmont, J.; Bonanno, G.; Bonardi, A.; Bonifacio,
P.; Bonnoli, G.; Borkowski, J.; Bose, R.; Bosnjak, Z.; Bottani, A.;
Böttcher, M.; Bousquet, J. -J.; Boutonnet, C.; Bouyjou, F.; Braiding,
C.; Brandt, L.; Brau-Nogué, S.; Bregeon, J.; Bretz, T.; Briggs,
M.; Brigida, M.; Bringmann, T.; Brisken, W.; Brocato, E.; Brook, P.;
Brown, A. M.; Brun, P.; Brunetti, G.; Brunetti, L.; Bruno, P.; Bryan,
M.; Buanes, T.; Bucciantini, N.; Buchholtz, G.; Buckley, J.; Bugaev,
V.; Bühler, R.; Bulgarelli, A.; Bulik, T.; Burton, M.; Burtovoi, A.;
Busetto, G.; Buson, S.; Buss, J.; Byrum, K.; Cameron, R.; Camprecios,
J.; Canelli, F.; Canestrari, R.; Cantu, S.; Capalbi, M.; Capasso, M.;
Capobianco, G.; Caraveo, P.; Cardenzana, J.; Carius, S.; Carlile, C.;
Carmona, E.; Carosi, A.; Carosi, R.; Carr, J.; Carroll, M.; Carter,
J.; Carton, P. -H.; Caruso, R.; Casandjian, J. -M.; Casanova, S.;
Cascone, E.; Casiraghi, M.; Castellina, A.; Catalano, O.; Catalanotti,
S.; Cavazzani, S.; Cazaux, S.; Cefalà, M.; Cerchiara, P.; Cereda,
M.; Cerruti, M.; Chabanne, E.; Chadwick, P.; Champion, C.; Chaty,
S.; Chaves, R.; Cheimets, P.; Chen, A.; Chen, X.; Chernyakova, M.;
Chiappetti, L.; Chikawa, M.; Chinn, D.; Chitnis, V. R.; Cho, N.;
Christov, A.; Chudoba, J.; Cieślar, M.; Cillis, A.; Ciocci, M. A.;
Clay, R.; Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Colafrancesco, S.; Colin, P.; Colombo,
E.; Colome, J.; Colonges, S.; Compin, M.; Conforti, V.; Connaughton,
V.; Connell, S.; Conrad, J.; Contreras, J. L.; Coppi, P.; Corbel, S.;
Coridian, J.; Corona, P.; Corti, D.; Cortina, J.; Cossio, L.; Costa,
A.; Costantini, H.; Cotter, G.; Courty, B.; Covino, S.; Covone, G.;
Crimi, G.; Criswell, S. J.; Crocker, R.; Croston, J.; Cusumano, G.;
Da Vela, P.; Dale, Ø.; D'Ammando, F.; Dang, D.; Daniel, M.; Davids,
I.; Dawson, B.; Dazzi, F.; de Aguiar Costa, B.; De Angelis, A.; de
Araujo Cardoso, R. F.; De Caprio, V.; De Cesare, G.; De Franco, A.;
De Frondat, F.; de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M.; de la Calle, I.; De La
Vega, G. A.; de los Reyes Lopez, R.; De Lotto, B.; De Luca, A.; de
Mello Neto, J. R. T.; de Naurois, M.; de Oña Wilhelmi, E.; De Palma,
F.; de Souza, V.; Decock, G.; Deil, C.; Del Santo, M.; Delagnes, E.;
Deleglise, G.; Delgado, C.; della Volpe, D.; Deloye, P.; Depaola, G.;
Detournay, M.; Dettlaff, A.; Di Girolamo, T.; Di Giulio, C.; Di Paola,
A.; Di Pierro, F.; Di Sciascio, G.; Díaz, C.; Dick, J.; Dickinson, H.;
Diebold, S.; Diez, V.; Digel, S.; Dipold, J.; Disset, G.; Distefano,
A.; Djannati-Ataï, A.; Doert, M.; Dohmke, M.; Domainko, W.; Dominik,
N.; Dominis Prester, D.; Donat, A.; Donnarumma, I.; Dorner, D.; Doro,
M.; Dournaux, J. -L.; Doyle, K.; Drake, G.; Dravins, D.; Drury, L.;
Dubus, G.; Dumas, D.; Dumm, J.; Durand, D.; D'Urso, D.; Dwarkadas,
V.; Dyks, J.; Dyrda, M.; Ebr, J.; Echaniz, J. C.; Edy, E.; Egberts,
K.; Egberts, K.; Eger, P.; Einecke, S.; Eisch, J.; Eisenkolb, F.;
Eleftheriadis, C.; Elsässer, D.; Emmanoulopoulos, D.; Engelbrecht,
C.; Engelhaupt, D.; Ernenwein, J. -P.; Errando, M.; Eschbach, S.;
Etchegoyen, A.; Evans, P.; Fairbairn, M.; Falcone, A.; Fantinel, D.;
Farakos, K.; Farnier, C.; Farrell, E.; Farrell, S.; Fasola, G.; Fegan,
S.; Feinstein, F.; Ferenc, D.; Fernandez, A.; Fernandez-Alonso, M.;
Ferreira, O.; Fesquet, M.; Fetfatzis, P.; Fiasson, A.; Filipčič, A.;
Filipovic, M.; Fink, D.; Finley, C.; Finley, J. P.; Finoguenov, A.;
Fioretti, V.; Fiorini, M.; Firpo Curcoll, R.; Fleischhack, H.; Flores,
H.; Florin, D.; Föhr, C.; Fokitis, E.; Font, L.; Fontaine, G.; Fontes,
B.; Forest, F.; Fornasa, M.; Förster, A.; Fortin, P.; Fortson, L.;
Fouque, N.; Franckowiak, A.; Franco, F. J.; Frankowski, A.; Frega,
N.; Freire Mota Albuquerque, I.; Freixas Coromina, L.; Fresnillo,
L.; Fruck, C.; Fuessling, M.; Fugazza, D.; Fujita, Y.; Fukami, S.;
Fukazawa, Y.; Fukuda, T.; Fukui, Y.; Funk, S.; Gäbele, W.; Gabici,
S.; Gadola, A.; Galante, N.; Gall, D. D.; Gallant, Y.; Galloway, D.;
Gallozzi, S.; Gao, S.; Garcia, B.; García Gil, R.; Garcia López,
R.; Garczarczyk, M.; Gardiol, D.; Gargano, C.; Gargano, F.; Garozzo,
S.; Garrecht, F.; Garrido, D.; Garrido, L.; Gascon, D.; Gaskins,
J.; Gaudemard, J.; Gaug, M.; Gaweda, J.; Geffroy, N.; Gérard, L.;
Ghalumyan, A.; Ghedina, A.; Ghigo, M.; Ghislain, P.; Giannakaki, E.;
Gianotti, F.; Giarrusso, S.; Giavitto, G.; Giebels, B.; Giglietto,
N.; Gika, V.; Gimenes, R.; Giomi, M.; Giommi, P.; Giordano, F.;
Giovannini, G.; Giro, E.; Giroletti, M.; Giuliani, A.; Glicenstein,
J. -F.; Godinovic, N.; Goldoni, P.; Gomez Berisso, M.; Gomez Vargas,
G. A.; Gonzalez, M. M.; González, A.; González, F.; González
Muñoz, A.; Gothe, K. S.; Gotz, D.; Grabarczyk, T.; Graciani, R.;
Grandi, P.; Grañena, F.; Granot, J.; Grasseau, G.; Gredig, R.;
Green, A. J.; Green, A. M.; Greenshaw, T.; Grenier, I.; Grillo, A.;
Grondin, M. -H.; Grube, J.; Grudzinska, M.; Grygorczuk, J.; Guarino,
V.; Guberman, D.; Gunji, S.; Gyuk, G.; Hadasch, D.; Hagedorn, A.;
Hahn, J.; Hakansson, N.; Hamer Heras, N.; Hanabata, Y.; Hara, S.;
Hardcastle, M. J.; Harris, J.; Hassan, T.; Hatanaka, K.; Haubold,
T.; Haupt, A.; Hayakawa, T.; Hayashida, M.; Heller, M.; Heller, R.;
Henault, F.; Henri, G.; Hermann, G.; Hermel, R.; Herrera Llorente, J.;
Herrero, A.; Hervet, O.; Hidaka, N.; Hinton, J.; Hirai, W.; Hirotani,
K.; Hoard, D.; Hoffmann, D.; Hofmann, W.; Hofverberg, P.; Holch, T.;
Holder, J.; Hooper, S.; Horan, D.; Hörandel, J. R.; Hormigos, S.;
Horns, D.; Hose, J.; Houles, J.; Hovatta, T.; Hrabovsky, M.; Hrupec,
D.; Huet, J. -M.; Hütten, M.; Humensky, T. B.; Huovelin, J.; Huppert,
J. -F.; Iacovacci, M.; Ibarra, A.; Idźkowski, B.; Ikawa, D.; Illa,
J. M.; Impiombato, D.; Incorvaia, S.; Inome, Y.; Inoue, S.; Inoue,
T.; Inoue, Y.; Iocco, F.; Ioka, K.; Iori, M.; Ishio, K.; Israel,
G. L.; Jablonski, C.; Jacholkowska, A.; Jacquemier, J.; Jamrozy,
M.; Janecek, P.; Janiak, M.; Jankowsky, F.; Jean, P.; Jeanney, C.;
Jegouzo, I.; Jenke, P.; Jimenez, J. J.; Jingo, M.; Jingo, M.; Jocou,
L.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, C. A.; Journet, L.; Juffroy, C.; Jung,
I.; Kaaret, P. E.; Kagaya, M.; Kakuwa, J.; Kalekin, O.; Kalkuhl, C.;
Kankanyan, R.; Karastergiou, A.; Kärcher, K.; Karczewski, M.; Karkar,
S.; Karn, P.; Kasperek, J.; Katagiri, H.; Kataoka, J.; Katarzyński,
K.; Katz, U.; Kaufmann, S.; Kawanaka, N.; Kawashima, T.; Kazanas,
D.; Kelley-Hoskins, N.; Kellner-Leidel, B.; Kendziorra, E.; Kersten,
J.; Khélifi, B.; Kieda, D. B.; Kihm, T.; Kisaka, S.; Kissmann, R.;
Klepser, S.; Kluźniak, W.; Knapen, J.; Knapp, J.; Knödlseder, J.;
Köck, F.; Kocot, J.; Kodakkadan, A.; Kodani, K.; Kohri, K.; Kojima,
T.; Kokkotas, K.; Kolitzus, D.; Komin, N.; Kominis, I.; Konno, Y.;
Kosack, K.; Koss, G.; Koul, R.; Kowal, G.; Koyama, S.; Kozioł,
J.; Kraus, M.; Krause, J.; Krause, M.; Krawzcynski, H.; Krennrich,
F.; Kretzschmann, A.; Kruger, P.; Kubo, H.; Kudryavtsev, V.; Kukec
Mezek, G.; Kushida, J.; Kuznetsov, A.; La Barbera, A.; La Palombara,
N.; La Parola, V.; La Rosa, G.; Laffon, H.; Lagadec, T.; Lahmann,
R.; Lalik, K.; Lamanna, G.; Landriu, D.; Landt, H.; Lang, R. G.;
Languignon, D.; Lapington, J.; Laporte, P.; Latovski, N.; Law-Green,
D.; Le Fèvre, J. -P.; Le Flour, T.; Le Sidaner, P.; Lee, S. -H.; Lee,
W. H.; Leffhalm, K.; Leich, H.; Leigui de Oliveira, M. A.; Lelas,
D.; Lemière, A.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lenain, J. -P.; Leonard, R.;
Leoni, R.; Lessio, L.; Leto, G.; Leveque, A.; Lieunard, B.; Limon,
M.; Lindemann, R.; Lindfors, E.; Liolios, A.; Lipniacka, A.; Lockart,
H.; Lohse, T.; Loiseau, D.; Łokas, E.; Lombardi, S.; Longo, F.;
Longo, G.; Lopatin, A.; Lopez, M.; López-Coto, R.; López-Oramas,
A.; Loreggia, D.; Louge, T.; Louis, F.; Lu, C. -C.; Lucarelli, F.;
Lucchesi, D.; Lüdecke, H.; Luque-Escamilla, P. L.; Luz, O.; Lyard,
E.; Maccarone, M. C.; Maccarone, T. J.; Mach, E.; Madejski, G. M.;
Madonna, A.; Mahabir, M.; Maier, G.; Majumdar, P.; Makariev, M.;
Malaguti, G.; Malaspina, G.; Mallot, A. K.; Maltezos, S.; Mancilla,
A.; Mandat, D.; Maneva, G.; Manigot, P.; Mankushiyil, N.; Mannheim,
K.; Maragos, N.; Marano, D.; Marchegiani, P.; Marcomini, J. A.;
Marcowith, A.; Mariotti, M.; Marisaldi, M.; Markoff, S.; Marszałek,
A.; Martens, C.; Martí, J.; Martin, J. -M.; Martin, P.; Martínez, G.;
Martínez, M.; Martínez, O.; Marx, R.; Massimino, P.; Mastichiadis,
A.; Mastroianni, S.; Mastropietro, M.; Masuda, S.; Matsumoto, H.;
Matsuoka, S.; Mattiazzo, S.; Maurin, G.; Maxted, N.; Maya, J.; Mayer,
M.; Mazin, D.; Mazureau, E.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Mc Comb, L.; McCann,
A.; McCubbin, N.; McHardy, I.; McKay, R.; McKinney, K.; Meagher, K.;
Medina, C.; Mehrez, F.; Melioli, C.; Melkumyan, D.; Melo, D.; Melse,
T.; Mereghetti, S.; Mertsch, P.; Meyer, M.; Meyrelles, J. L., jr;
Miccichè, A.; Michałowski, J.; Micolon, P.; Mientjes, P.; Mignot,
S.; Mihailidis, A.; Mineo, T.; Minuti, M.; Mirabal, N.; Mirabel, F.;
Miranda, J. M.; Mirzoyan, R.; Mistò, A.; Mitchell, A.; Mizuno, T.;
Moderski, R.; Mognet, I.; Mohammed, M.; Moharana, R.; Molinari, E.;
Monmarthe, E.; Monnier, G.; Montaruli, T.; Monte, C.; Monteiro, I.;
Moore, P.; Moralejo Olaizola, A.; Morello, C.; Moretti, E.; Mori,
K.; Morlino, G.; Morselli, A.; Mottez, F.; Moudden, Y.; Moulin, E.;
Mrusek, I.; Mueller, S.; Mukherjee, R.; Munar-Adrover, P.; Mundell,
C.; Muraishi, H.; Murase, K.; Muronga, A.; Murphy, A.; Nagataki,
S.; Nagayoshi, T.; Nagesh, B. K.; Naito, T.; Nakajima, D.; Nakamori,
T.; Nakayama, K.; Naumann, D.; Nayman, P.; Nellen, L.; Nemmen, R.;
Neronov, A.; Neustroev, V.; Neyroud, N.; Nguyen, T.; Nicastro,
L.; Nicolau-Kukliński, J.; Niederwanger, F.; Niedźwiecki, A.;
Niemiec, J.; Nieto, D.; Nievas, M.; Nikolaidis, A.; Nishijima, K.;
Nishikawa, K. -I.; Noda, K.; Nogues, L.; Nolan, S.; Northrop, R.;
Nosek, D.; Nozka, L.; Nunio, F.; Oakes, L.; O'Brien, P.; Occhipinti,
G.; O'Faolain de Bhroithe, A.; Ogino, M.; Ohira, Y.; Ohishi, M.; Ohm,
S.; Ohoka, H.; Okumura, A.; Olive, J. -F.; Olszowski, D.; Ong, R. A.;
Ono, S.; Orienti, M.; Orito, R.; Orlati, A.; Orlati, A.; Osborne, J.;
Ostrowski, M.; Otero, L. A.; Ottaway, D.; Otte, N.; Oya, I.; Ozieblo,
A.; Padovani, M.; Pagano, I.; Paiano, S.; Paizis, A.; Palacio, J.;
Palatka, M.; Pallotta, J.; Panagiotidis, K.; Panazol, J. -L.; Paneque,
D.; Panter, M.; Panzera, M. R.; Paoletti, R.; Paolillo, M.; Papayannis,
A.; Papyan, G.; Paravac, A.; Paredes, J. M.; Pareschi, G.; Park, N.;
Parsons, D.; Paśko, P.; Pavy, S.; Arribas, M. Paz; Pech, M.; Peck,
A.; Pedaletti, G.; Peet, S.; Pelassa, V.; Pelat, D.; Peres, C.;
Perez, M. d. C.; Perri, L.; Persic, M.; Petrashyk, A.; Petrucci,
P. -O.; Peyaud, B.; Pfeifer, M.; Pfeiffer, G.; Piano, G.; Pichel,
A.; Pieloth, D.; Pierbattista, M.; Pierre, E.; Pinto de Pinho, F.;
García, C. Pio; Piret, Y.; Pita, S.; Planes, A.; Platino, M.; Platos,
Ł.; Platzer, R.; Podkladkin, S.; Pogosyan, L.; Pohl, M.; Poinsignon,
P.; Ponz, J. D.; Porcelli, A.; Potter, W.; Poulios, S.; Poutanen,
J.; Prandini, E.; Prast, J.; Preece, R.; Profeti, F.; Prokhorov, D.;
Prokoph, H.; Prouza, M.; Proyetti, M.; Pruchniewicz, R.; Pueschel,
E.; Pühlhofer, G.; Puljak, I.; Punch, M.; Pyzioł, R.; Queiroz,
F.; Quel, E. J.; Quinn, J.; Quirrenbach, A.; Racero, E.; Räck,
T.; Rafalski, J.; Rafighi, I.; Rainò, S.; Rajda, P. J.; Rameez, M.;
Rando, R.; Rannot, R. C.; Rataj, M.; Rateau, S.; Ravel, T.; Ravignani,
D.; Razzaque, S.; Reardon, P.; Reimann, O.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.;
Reitberger, K.; Renaud, M.; Renner, S.; Reposeur, T.; Rettig, R.;
Reville, B.; Rhode, W.; Ribeiro, D.; Ribó, M.; Richards, G.; Richer,
M. G.; Rico, J.; Ridky, J.; Rieger, F.; Ringegni, P.; Ristori, P. R.;
Rivière, A.; Rivoire, S.; Roache, E.; Rodeghiero, G.; Rodriguez,
J.; Rodriguez Fernandez, G.; Rodríguez Vázquez, J. J.; Rogers, T.;
Rojas, G.; Romano, P.; Romay Rodriguez, M. P.; Romeo, G.; Romero,
G. E.; Roncadelli, M.; Rose, J.; Rosen, S.; Rosier Lees, S.; Ross,
D.; Rossiter, P.; Rouaix, G.; Rousselle, J.; Rovero, A. C.; Rowell,
G.; Roy, F.; Royer, S.; Różańska, A.; Rudak, B.; Rugliancich,
A.; Rulten, C.; Rupiński, M.; Russo, F.; Rutkowski, K.; Saavedra,
O.; Sabatini, S.; Sacco, B.; Saemann, E. O.; Saggion, A.; Saha, L.;
Sahakian, V.; Saito, K.; Saito, T.; Sakaki, N.; Salega, M.; Salek, D.;
Salgado, J.; Salini, A.; Sanchez, D.; Sanchez, F.; Sanchez-Conde, M.;
Sandaker, H.; Sandoval, A.; Sangiorgi, P.; Sanguillon, M.; Sano, H.;
Santander, M.; Santangelo, A.; Santos, E. M.; Santos-Lima, R.; Sanuy,
A.; Sapozhnikov, L.; Sarkar, S.; Satalecka, K.; Savalle, R.; Sawada,
M.; Sayède, F.; Schafer, J.; Schanne, S.; Schanz, T.; Schioppa, E. J.;
Schlenstedt, S.; Schlickeiser, R.; Schmidt, T.; Schmoll, J.; Schneider,
M.; Schovanek, P.; Schubert, A.; Schultz, C.; Schultze, J.; Schulz,
A.; Schulz, S.; Schure, K.; Schussler, F.; Schwab, T.; Schwanke, U.;
Schwarz, J.; Schweizer, T.; Schwemmer, S.; Schwendicke, U.; Schwerdt,
C.; Segreto, A.; Seiradakis, J. -H.; Sembroski, G. H.; Semikoz, D.;
Serre, N.; Servillat, M.; Seweryn, K.; Shafi, N.; Sharma, M.; Shayduk,
M.; Shellard, R. C.; Shibata, T.; Shiningayamwe Pandeni, K.; Shukla,
A.; Shum, E.; Sidoli, L.; Sidz, M.; Sieiro, J.; Siejkowski, H.; Silk,
J.; Sillanpää, A.; Simone, D.; Singh, B. B.; Sinha, A.; Sironi, G.;
Sitarek, J.; Sizun, P.; Slyusar, V.; Smith, A.; Smith, J.; Sobczyńska,
D.; Sol, H.; Sottile, G.; Sowiński, M.; Spanier, F.; Spengler, G.;
Spiga, D.; Stadler, R.; Stahl, O.; Stamatescu, V.; Stamerra, A.;
Stanič, S.; Starling, R.; Stawarz, Ł.; Steenkamp, R.; Stefanik, S.;
Stegmann, C.; Steiner, S.; Stella, C.; Stergioulas, N.; Sternberger,
R.; Sterzel, M.; Stevenson, B.; Stinzing, F.; Stodulska, M.; Stodulski,
M.; Stolarczyk, T.; Straumann, U.; Strazzeri, E.; Stringhetti, L.;
Strzys, M.; Stuik, R.; Sulanke, K. -H.; Supanitsky, A. D.; Suric, T.;
Sushch, I.; Sutcliffe, P.; Sykes, J.; Szanecki, M.; Szepieniec, T.;
Szwarnog, P.; Tacchini, A.; Tachihara, K.; Tagliaferri, G.; Tajima, H.;
Takahashi, H.; Takahashi, K.; Takahashi, M.; Takalo, L.; Takami, H.;
Talbot, G.; Tammi, J.; Tanaka, M.; Tanaka, S.; Tanaka, T.; Tanaka, Y.;
Tanci, C.; Tarantino, E.; Tavani, M.; Tavecchio, F.; Tavernet, J. -P.;
Tayabaly, K.; Tejedor, L. A.; Telezhinsky, I.; Temme, F.; Temnikov, P.;
Tenzer, C.; Terada, Y.; Terrier, R.; Tescaro, D.; Teshima, M.; Testa,
V.; Tezier, D.; Thayer, J.; Thomas, V.; Thornhill, J.; Thuermann,
D.; Tibaldo, L.; Tibolla, O.; Tiengo, A.; Tijsseling, G.; Timpanaro,
M. C.; Tluczykont, M.; Todero Peixoto, C. J.; Tokanai, F.; Tokarz, M.;
Toma, K.; Toma, K.; Tomastik, J.; Tomono, Y.; Tonachini, A.; Tonev,
D.; Torii, K.; Tornikoski, M.; Torres, D. F.; Torres, M.; Torresi, E.;
Toscano, S.; Toso, G.; Tosti, G.; Totani, T.; Tothill, N.; Toussenel,
F.; Tovmassian, G.; Townsley, C.; Toyama, T.; Travnicek, P.; Trifoglio,
M.; Troyano Pujadas, I.; Troyano Pujadas, I.; Trzeciak, M.; Tsinganos,
K.; Tsubone, Y.; Tsuchiya, Y.; Tsujimoto, S.; Tsuru, T.; Uchiyama, Y.;
Umana, G.; Umetsu, Y.; Underwood, C.; Upadhya, S. S.; Uslenghi, M.;
Vagnetti, F.; Valdes-Galicia, J.; Vallania, P.; Vallejo, G.; Valore,
L.; van Driel, W.; van Eldik, C.; van Soelen, B.; Vandenbroucke, J.;
Vanderwalt, J.; Vasileiadis, G.; Vassiliev, V.; Vázquez Acosta,
M. L.; Vecchi, M.; Vegas, I.; Veitch, P.; Venema, L.; Venter, C.;
Vercellone, S.; Vergani, S.; Verma, K.; Verzi, V.; Vettolani, G. P.;
Viana, A.; Vicha, J.; Videla, M.; Vigorito, C.; Vincent, P.; Vincent,
S.; Vink, J.; Vittorini, V.; Vlahakis, N.; Vlahos, L.; Voelk, H.;
Vogler, P.; Voisin, V.; Vollhardt, A.; Volpicelli, A.; Vorobiov,
S.; Vovk, I.; Vu, L. V.; Wagner, R.; Wagner, R. M.; Wagner, R. G.;
Wagner, S. J.; Wakely, S. P.; Walter, R.; Walther, T.; Ward, J. E.;
Ward, M.; Warda, K.; Warwick, R.; Wassberg, S.; Watson, J.; Wawer,
P.; Wawrzaszek, R.; Webb, N.; Wegner, P.; Weinstein, A.; Weitzel, Q.;
Wells, R.; Werner, F.; Werner, M.; Wetteskind, H.; White, M.; White,
R.; Więcek, M.; Wierzcholska, A.; Wiesand, S.; Wijers, R.; Wild, N.;
Wilhelm, A.; Wilkinson, M.; Will, M.; Williams, D. A.; Williams, J. T.;
Willingale, R.; Winde, M.; Winiarski, K.; Winkler, H.; Wischnewski,
R.; Wojcik, P.; Wolf, D.; Wood, M.; Wörnlein, A.; Wu, E.; Wu, T.;
Yadav, K. K.; Yamamoto, H.; Yamamoto, T.; Yamazaki, R.; Yanagita, S.;
Yang, L.; Yebras, J. M.; Yelos, D.; Yeung, W.; Yoshida, A.; Yoshida,
T.; Yoshiike, S.; Yoshikoshi, T.; Yu, P.; Zabalza, V.; Zabalza, V.;
Zacharias, M.; Zaharijas, G.; Zajczyk, A.; Zampieri, L.; Zandanel,
F.; Zanin, R.; Zanmar Sanchez, R.; Zavrtanik, D.; Zavrtanik, M.;
Zdziarski, A.; Zech, A.; Zechlin, H.; Zhao, A.; Ziegler, A.; Ziemann,
J.; Ziętara, K.; Ziółkowski, J.; Zitelli, V.; Zoli, A.; Zurbach,
C.; Żychowski, P.
Bibcode: 2015arXiv150805894C
Altcode:
List of contributions from the CTA Consortium presented at the 34th
International Cosmic Ray Conference, 30 July - 6 August 2015, The Hague,
The Netherlands.
Title: Long-baseline optical intensity interferometry. Laboratory
demonstration of diffraction-limited imaging
Authors: Dravins, Dainis; Lagadec, Tiphaine; Nuñez, Paul D.
Bibcode: 2015A&A...580A..99D
Altcode: 2015arXiv150605804D
Context. A long-held vision has been to realize diffraction-limited
optical aperture synthesis over kilometer baselines. This will
enable imaging of stellar surfaces and their environments, and reveal
interacting gas flows in binary systems. An opportunity is now opening
up with the large telescope arrays primarily erected for measuring
Cherenkov light in air induced by gamma rays. With suitable software,
such telescopes could be electronically connected and also used for
intensity interferometry. Second-order spatial coherence of light
is obtained by cross correlating intensity fluctuations measured in
different pairs of telescopes. With no optical links between them,
the error budget is set by the electronic time resolution of a few
nanoseconds. Corresponding light-travel distances are approximately
one meter, making the method practically immune to atmospheric
turbulence or optical imperfections, permitting both very long
baselines and observing at short optical wavelengths.
Aims:
Previous theoretical modeling has shown that full images should be
possible to retrieve from observations with such telescope arrays. This
project aims at verifying diffraction-limited imaging experimentally
with groups of detached and independent optical telescopes.
Methods: In a large optics laboratory, artificial stars (single
and double, round and elliptic) were observed by an array of small
telescopes. Using high-speed photon-counting solid-state detectors and
real-time electronics, intensity fluctuations were cross-correlated over
up to 180 baselines between pairs of telescopes, producing coherence
maps across the interferometric Fourier-transform plane.
Results:
These interferometric measurements were used to extract parameters about
the simulated stars, and to reconstruct their two-dimensional images. As
far as we are aware, these are the first diffraction-limited images
obtained from an optical array only linked by electronic software, with
no optical connections between the telescopes.
Conclusions: These
experiments serve to verify the concepts for long-baseline aperture
synthesis in the optical, somewhat analogous to radio interferometry.
Title: Stellar Spectroscopy during Exoplanet Transits: Revealing
structures across stellar surfaces
Authors: Dravins, Dainis; Ludwig, Hans-Günter; Dahlén, Erik
Bibcode: 2015IAUGA..2233688D
Altcode:
Exoplanet transits permit to study stellar surface portions that
successively become hidden behind the planet. Differential spectroscopy
between various transit phases reveals spectra of those stellar
surface segments that were hidden. The deduced center-to-limb behavior
of stellar spectral line shapes, asymmetries and wavelength shifts
enables detailed tests of 3-dimensional hydrodynamic models of stellar
atmospheres, such that are required for any precise determination
of abundances or seismic properties. Such models can now be computed
for widely different classes of stars (including metal-poor ones and
white dwarfs), but have been feasible to test and verify only for the
Sun with its resolved surface structure. Exoplanet transits may also
occur across features such as starspots, whose magnetic signatures will
be retrieved from spectra of sufficient fidelity.Knowing the precise
background stellar spectra, also properties of exoplanet atmospheres
are better constrained: e.g., the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect becomes
resolved as not only a simple change of stellar wavelength, but as a
variation of the full line profiles and their asymmetries.Such studies
are challenging since exoplanets cover only a tiny fraction of the
stellar disk. Current work, analyzing sequences of high-fidelity ESO
UVES spectra, demonstrate that such spatially resolved stellar spectra
can already be (marginally) retrieved in a few cases with the brightest
host stars. Already in a near future, ongoing exoplanet surveys are
likely to find further bright hosts that will enable such studies for
various stellar types. http://arxiv.org/abs/1408.1402
Title: Optical aperture synthesis with electronically connected
telescopes
Authors: Dravins, Dainis; Lagadec, Tiphaine; Nuñez, Paul D.
Bibcode: 2015NatCo...6.6852D
Altcode: 2015NatCo...6E6852D; 2015arXiv150404619D
Highest resolution imaging in astronomy is achieved by interferometry,
connecting telescopes over increasingly longer distances and
at successively shorter wavelengths. Here, we present the first
diffraction-limited images in visual light, produced by an array of
independent optical telescopes, connected electronically only, with
no optical links between them. With an array of small telescopes,
second-order optical coherence of the sources is measured through
intensity interferometry over 180 baselines between pairs of telescopes,
and two-dimensional images reconstructed. The technique aims at
diffraction-limited optical aperture synthesis over kilometre-long
baselines to reach resolutions showing details on stellar surfaces
and perhaps even the silhouettes of transiting exoplanets. Intensity
interferometry circumvents problems of atmospheric turbulence that
constrain ordinary interferometry. Since the electronic signal can be
copied, many baselines can be built up between dispersed telescopes,
and over long distances. Using arrays of air Cherenkov telescopes,
this should enable the optical equivalent of interferometric arrays
currently operating at radio wavelengths.
Title: Stellar Spectroscopy During Exoplanet Transits: Dissecting
Fine Structure Across Stellar Surfaces
Authors: Dravins, Dainis; Ludwig, Hans-Gunter; Dahlen, Erik; Pazira,
Hiva
Bibcode: 2015csss...18..853D
Altcode: 2014arXiv1408.1402D
Differential spectroscopy during exoplanet transits permits to
reconstruct spectra of small stellar surface portions that successively
become hidden behind the planet. The center-to-limb behavior of stellar
line shapes, asymmetries and wavelength shifts will enable detailed
tests of 3-dimensional hydrodynamic models of stellar atmospheres,
such that are required for any precise determination of abundances or
seismic properties. Such models can now be computed for widely different
stars but have been feasible to test in detail only for the Sun with
its resolved surface structure. Although very high quality spectra are
required, already current data permit reconstructions of line profiles
in the brightest transit host stars such as HD 209458 (G0 V).
Title: Stellar intensity interferometry over kilometer baselines:
laboratory simulation of observations with the Cherenkov Telescope
Array
Authors: Dravins, Dainis; Lagadec, Tiphaine
Bibcode: 2014SPIE.9146E..0ZD
Altcode: 2014arXiv1407.5993D
A long-held astronomical vision is to realize diffraction-limited
optical aperture synthesis over kilometer baselines. This will enable
imaging of stellar surfaces and their environments, show their evolution
over time, and reveal interactions of stellar winds and gas flows in
binary star systems. An opportunity is now opening up with the large
telescope arrays primarily erected for measuring Cherenkov light in
air induced by gamma rays. With suitable software, such telescopes
could be electronically connected and used also for intensity
interferometry. With no optical connection between the telescopes,
the error budget is set by the electronic time resolution of a few
nanoseconds. Corresponding light-travel distances are on the order of
one meter, making the method practically insensitive to atmospheric
turbulence or optical imperfections, permitting both very long baselines
and observing at short optical wavelengths. Theoretical modeling has
shown how stellar surface images can be retrieved from such observations
and here we report on experimental simulations. In an optical
laboratory, artificial stars (single and double, round and elliptic)
are observed by an array of telescopes. Using high-speed photon-counting
solid-state detectors and real-time electronics, intensity fluctuations
are cross correlated between up to a hundred baselines between pairs
of telescopes, producing maps of the second-order spatial coherence
across the interferometric Fourier-transform plane. These experiments
serve to verify the concepts and to optimize the instrumentation and
observing procedures for future observations with (in particular) CTA,
the Cherenkov Telescope Array, aiming at order-of-magnitude improvements
of the angular resolution in optical astronomy.
Title: Intensity Interferometry with Cherenkov Telescope Arrays:
Prospects for submilliarcsecond optical imaging
Authors: Dravins, D.
Bibcode: 2014ipco.conf...19D
Altcode:
Intensity interferometry measures the second-order coherence
of light. Very rapid (nanosecond) fluctuations are correlated
between separate telescopes, without any optical connection. This
makes the method insensitive to atmospheric turbulence and optical
imperfections, permitting observations over long baselines, and at
short wavelengths. The required large telescopes are becoming available
as those primarily erected to study gamma rays: the planned Cherenkov
Telescope Array (https://www.cta-observatory.org/) envisions many tens
of telescopes distributed over a few square km. Digital signal handling
enables very many baselines to be simultaneously synthesized between
many pairs of telescopes, while stars may be tracked across the sky
with electronic time delays, synthesizing an optical interferometer
in software. Simulations indicate limiting magnitudes around m(v)=8,
reaching a resolution of 30 microarcseconds in the violet. Since
intensity interferometry provides only the modulus (not phase) of any
spatial frequency component of the source image, image reconstruction
requires phase retrieval techniques. As shown in simulations, full
two-dimensional images can be retrieved, provided there is an extensive
coverage of the (u,v)-plane, such as will be available once the number
of telescopes reaches numbers on the order of ten.
Title: A Community Science Case for E-ELT HIRES
Authors: Maiolino, R.; Haehnelt, M.; Murphy, M. T.; Queloz, D.;
Origlia, L.; Alcala, J.; Alibert, Y.; Amado, P. J.; Allende Prieto, C.;
Ammler-von Eiff, M.; Asplund, M.; Barstow, M.; Becker, G.; Bonfils, X.;
Bouchy, F.; Bragaglia, A.; Burleigh, M. R.; Chiavassa, A.; Cimatti,
D. A.; Cirasuolo, M.; Cristiani, S.; D'Odorico, V.; Dravins, D.;
Emsellem, E.; Farihi, J.; Figueira, P.; Fynbo, J.; Gansicke, B. T.;
Gillon, M.; Gustafsson, B.; Hill, V.; Israelyan, G.; Korn, A.; Larsen,
S.; De Laverny, P.; Liske, J.; Lovis, C.; Marconi, A.; Martins, C.;
Molaro, P.; Nisini, B.; Oliva, E.; Petitjean, P.; Pettini, M.; Recio
Blanco, A.; Rebolo, R.; Reiners, A.; Rodriguez-Lopez, C.; Ryde, N.;
Santos, N. C.; Savaglio, S.; Snellen, I.; Strassmeier, K.; Tanvir, N.;
Testi, L.; Tolstoy, E.; Triaud, A.; Vanzi, L.; Viel, M.; Volonteri, M.
Bibcode: 2013arXiv1310.3163M
Altcode:
Building on the experience of the high-resolution community with the
suite of VLT high-resolution spectrographs, which has been tremendously
successful, we outline here the (science) case for a high-fidelity,
high-resolution spectrograph with wide wavelength coverage at the
E-ELT. Flagship science drivers include: the study of exo-planetary
atmospheres with the prospect of the detection of signatures of life
on rocky planets; the chemical composition of planetary debris on the
surface of white dwarfs; the spectroscopic study of protoplanetary and
proto-stellar disks; the extension of Galactic archaeology to the Local
Group and beyond; spectroscopic studies of the evolution of galaxies
with samples that, unlike now, are no longer restricted to strongly
star forming and/or very massive galaxies; the unraveling of the
complex roles of stellar and AGN feedback; the study of the chemical
signatures imprinted by population III stars on the IGM during the
epoch of reionization; the exciting possibility of paradigm-changing
contributions to fundamental physics. The requirements of these science
cases can be met by a stable instrument with a spectral resolution
of R~100,000 and broad, simultaneous spectral coverage extending
from 370nm to 2500nm. Most science cases do not require spatially
resolved information, and can be pursued in seeing-limited mode,
although some of them would benefit by the E-ELT diffraction limited
resolution. Some multiplexing would also be beneficial for some of
the science cases. (Abridged)
Title: CTA contributions to the 33rd International Cosmic Ray
Conference (ICRC2013)
Authors: CTA Consortium, The; :; Abril, O.; Acharya, B. S.; Actis, M.;
Agnetta, G.; Aguilar, J. A.; Aharonian, F.; Ajello, M.; Akhperjanian,
A.; Alcubierre, M.; Aleksic, J.; Alfaro, R.; Aliu, E.; Allafort,
A. J.; Allan, D.; Allekotte, I.; Aloisio, R.; Amato, E.; Ambrosi,
G.; Ambrosio, M.; Anderson, J.; Angüner, E. O.; Antonelli, L. A.;
Antonuccio, V.; Antonucci, M.; Antoranz, P.; Aravantinos, A.; Argan,
A.; Arlen, T.; Aramo, C.; Armstrong, T.; Arnaldi, H.; Arrabito, L.;
Asano, K.; Ashton, T.; Asorey, H. G.; Aune, T.; Awane, Y.; Baba, H.;
Babic, A.; Baby, N.; Bähr, J.; Bais, A.; Baixeras, C.; Bajtlik, S.;
Balbo, M.; Balis, D.; Balkowski, C.; Ballet, J.; Bamba, A.; Bandiera,
R.; Barber, A.; Barbier, C.; Barceló, M.; Barnacka, A.; Barnstedt,
J.; Barres de Almeida, U.; Barrio, J. A.; Basili, A.; Basso, S.;
Bastieri, D.; Bauer, C.; Baushev, A.; Becciani, U.; Becerra, J.;
Becerra, J.; Becherini, Y.; Bechtol, K. C.; Becker Tjus, J.; Beckmann,
V.; Bednarek, W.; Behera, B.; Belluso, M.; Benbow, W.; Berdugo, J.;
Berge, D.; Berger, K.; Bernard, F.; Bernardino, T.; Bernlöhr, K.;
Bertucci, B.; Bhat, N.; Bhattacharyya, S.; Biasuzzi, B.; Bigongiari,
C.; Biland, A.; Billotta, S.; Bird, T.; Birsin, E.; Bissaldi, E.;
Biteau, J.; Bitossi, M.; Blake, S.; Blanch Bigas, O.; Blasi, P.;
Bobkov, A.; Boccone, V.; Böttcher, M.; Bogacz, L.; Bogart, J.;
Bogdan, M.; Boisson, C.; Boix Gargallo, J.; Bolmont, J.; Bonanno,
G.; Bonardi, A.; Bonev, T.; Bonifacio, P.; Bonnoli, G.; Bordas,
P.; Borgland, A.; Borkowski, J.; Bose, R.; Botner, O.; Bottani, A.;
Bouchet, L.; Bourgeat, M.; Boutonnet, C.; Bouvier, A.; Brau-Nogué, S.;
Braun, I.; Bretz, T.; Briggs, M.; Brigida, M.; Bringmann, T.; Britto,
R.; Brook, P.; Brun, P.; Brunetti, L.; Bruno, P.; Bucciantini, N.;
Buanes, T.; Buckley, J.; Bühler, R.; Bugaev, V.; Bulgarelli, A.;
Bulik, T.; Busetto, G.; Buson, S.; Byrum, K.; Cailles, M.; Cameron,
R.; Camprecios, J.; Canestrari, R.; Cantu, S.; Capalbi, M.; Caraveo,
P.; Carmona, E.; Carosi, A.; Carosi, R.; Carr, J.; Carter, J.;
Carton, P. -H.; Caruso, R.; Casanova, S.; Cascone, E.; Casiraghi, M.;
Castellina, A.; Catalano, O.; Cavazzani, S.; Cazaux, S.; Cerchiara,
P.; Cerruti, M.; Chabanne, E.; Chadwick, P.; Champion, C.; Chaves,
R.; Cheimets, P.; Chen, A.; Chiang, J.; Chiappetti, L.; Chikawa, M.;
Chitnis, V. R.; Chollet, F.; Christof, A.; Chudoba, J.; Cieślar, M.;
Cillis, A.; Cilmo, M.; Codino, A.; Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Colafrancesco,
S.; Colin, P.; Colome, J.; Colonges, S.; Compin, M.; Conconi, P.;
Conforti, V.; Connaughton, V.; Conrad, J.; Contreras, J. L.; Coppi,
P.; Coridian, J.; Corona, P.; Corti, D.; Cortina, J.; Cossio, L.;
Costa, A.; Costantini, H.; Cotter, G.; Courty, B.; Couturier, S.;
Covino, S.; Crimi, G.; Criswell, S. J.; Croston, J.; Cusumano, G.;
Dafonseca, M.; Dale, O.; Daniel, M.; Darling, J.; Davids, I.; Dazzi,
F.; de Angelis, A.; De Caprio, V.; De Frondat, F.; de Gouveia Dal Pino,
E. M.; de la Calle, I.; De La Vega, G. A.; de los Reyes Lopez, R.;
de Lotto, B.; De Luca, A.; de Naurois, M.; de Oliveira, Y.; de Oña
Wilhelmi, E.; de Palma, F.; de Souza, V.; Decerprit, G.; Decock, G.;
Deil, C.; Delagnes, E.; Deleglise, G.; Delgado, C.; della Volpe, D.;
Demange, P.; Depaola, G.; Dettlaff, A.; Di Girolamo, T.; Di Giulio,
C.; Di Paola, A.; Di Pierro, F.; di Sciascio, G.; Díaz, C.; Dick, J.;
Dickherber, R.; Dickinson, H.; Diez-Blanco, V.; Digel, S.; Dimitrov,
D.; Disset, G.; Djannati-Ataï, A.; Doert, M.; Dohmke, M.; Domainko,
W.; Dominis Prester, D.; Donat, A.; Dorner, D.; Doro, M.; Dournaux,
J. -L.; Drake, G.; Dravins, D.; Drury, L.; Dubois, F.; Dubois, R.;
Dubus, G.; Dufour, C.; Dumas, D.; Dumm, J.; Durand, D.; Dwarkadas, V.;
Dyks, J.; Dyrda, M.; Ebr, J.; Edy, E.; Egberts, K.; Eger, P.; Einecke,
S.; Eleftheriadis, C.; Elles, S.; Emmanoulopoulos, D.; Engelhaupt,
D.; Enomoto, R.; Ernenwein, J. -P.; Errando, M.; Etchegoyen, A.;
Evans, P. A.; Falcone, A.; Faltenbacher, A.; Fantinel, D.; Farakos,
K.; Farnier, C.; Farrell, E.; Fasola, G.; Favill, B. W.; Fede,
E.; Federici, S.; Fegan, S.; Feinstein, F.; Ferenc, D.; Ferrando,
P.; Fesquet, M.; Fetfatzis, P.; Fiasson, A.; Fillin-Martino, E.;
Fink, D.; Finley, C.; Finley, J. P.; Fiorini, M.; Firpo Curcoll,
R.; Flandrini, E.; Fleischhack, H.; Flores, H.; Florin, D.; Focke,
W.; Föhr, C.; Fokitis, E.; Font, L.; Fontaine, G.; Fornasa, M.;
Förster, A.; Fortson, L.; Fouque, N.; Franckowiak, A.; Franco, F. J.;
Frankowski, A.; Fransson, C.; Fraser, G. W.; Frei, R.; Fresnillo, L.;
Fruck, C.; Fugazza, D.; Fujita, Y.; Fukazawa, Y.; Fukui, Y.; Funk,
S.; Gäbele, W.; Gabici, S.; Gabriele, R.; Gadola, A.; Galante, N.;
Gall, D.; Gallant, Y.; Gámez-García, J.; Garczarczyk, M.; García,
B.; Garcia López, R.; Gardiol, D.; Gargano, F.; Garrido, D.; Garrido,
L.; Gascon, D.; Gaug, M.; Gaweda, J.; Gebremedhin, L.; Geffroy, N.;
Gerard, L.; Ghedina, A.; Ghigo, M.; Ghislain, P.; Giannakaki, E.;
Gianotti, F.; Giarrusso, S.; Giavitto, G.; Giebels, B.; Giglietto,
N.; Gika, V.; Giomi, M.; Giommi, P.; Giordano, F.; Girard, N.; Giro,
E.; Giuliani, A.; Glanzman, T.; Glicenstein, J. -F.; Godinovic, N.;
Golev, V.; Gomez Berisso, M.; Gómez-Ortega, J.; Gonzalez, M. M.;
González, A.; González, F.; González Muñoz, A.; Gothe, K. S.;
Grabarczyk, T.; Gougerot, M.; Graciani, R.; Grandi, P.; Grañena,
F.; Granot, J.; Grasseau, G.; Gredig, R.; Green, A.; Greenshaw, T.;
Grégoire, T.; Grillo, A.; Grimm, O.; Grondin, M. -H.; Grube, J.;
Grudzinska, M.; Gruev, V.; Grünewald, S.; Grygorczuk, J.; Guarino,
V.; Gunji, S.; Gyuk, G.; Hadasch, D.; Hagedorn, A.; Hagiwara, R.;
Hahn, J.; Hakansson, N.; Hallgren, A.; Hamer Heras, N.; Hara, S.;
Hardcastle, M. J.; Harezlak, D.; Harris, J.; Hassan, T.; Hatanaka,
K.; Haubold, T.; Haupt, A.; Hayakawa, T.; Hayashida, M.; Heller, R.;
Henault, F.; Henri, G.; Hermann, G.; Hermel, R.; Herrero, A.; Hervet,
O.; Hidaka, N.; Hinton, J. A.; Hirotani, K.; Hoffmann, D.; Hofmann,
W.; Hofverberg, P.; Holder, J.; Hörandel, J. R.; Horns, D.; Horville,
D.; Houles, J.; Hrabovsky, M.; Hrupec, D.; Huan, H.; Huber, B.; Huet,
J. -M.; Hughes, G.; Humensky, T. B.; Huovelin, J.; Huppert, J. -F.;
Ibarra, A.; Ikawa, D.; Illa, J. M.; Impiombato, D.; Incorvaia, S.;
Inoue, S.; Inoue, Y.; Iocco, F.; Ioka, K.; Israel, G. L.; Jablonski,
C.; Jacholkowska, A.; Jacquemier, J.; Jamrozy, M.; Janiak, M.; Jean,
P.; Jeanney, C.; Jimenez, J. J.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, C.; Johnson,
T.; Journet, L.; Juffroy, C.; Jung, I.; Kaaret, P.; Kabuki, S.;
Kagaya, M.; Kakuwa, J.; Kalkuhl, C.; Kankanyan, R.; Karastergiou,
A.; Kärcher, K.; Karczewski, M.; Karkar, S.; Kasperek, J.; Kastana,
D.; Katagiri, H.; Kataoka, J.; Katarzyński, K.; Katz, U.; Kawanaka,
N.; Kazanas, D.; Kelley-Hoskins, N.; Kellner-Leidel, B.; Kelly, H.;
Kendziorra, E.; Khélifi, B.; Kieda, D. B.; Kifune, T.; Kihm, T.;
Kishimoto, T.; Kitamoto, K.; Kluźniak, W.; Knapic, C.; Knapp, J.;
Knödlseder, J.; Köck, F.; Kocot, J.; Kodani, K.; Köhne, J. -H.;
Kohri, K.; Kokkotas, K.; Kolitzus, D.; Komin, N.; Kominis, I.; Konno,
Y.; Köppel, H.; Korohoda, P.; Kosack, K.; Koss, G.; Kossakowski,
R.; Koul, R.; Kowal, G.; Koyama, S.; Kozioł, J.; Krähenbühl, T.;
Krause, J.; Krawzcynski, H.; Krennrich, F.; Krepps, A.; Kretzschmann,
A.; Krobot, R.; Krueger, P.; Kubo, H.; Kudryavtsev, V. A.; Kushida,
J.; Kuznetsov, A.; La Barbera, A.; La Palombara, N.; La Parola, V.;
La Rosa, G.; Lacombe, K.; Lamanna, G.; Lande, J.; Languignon, D.;
Lapington, J. S.; Laporte, P.; Laurent, B.; Lavalley, C.; Le Flour,
T.; Le Padellec, A.; Lee, S. -H.; Lee, W. H.; Lefèvre, J. -P.; Leich,
H.; Leigui de Oliveira, M. A.; Lelas, D.; Lenain, J. -P.; Leoni,
R.; Leopold, D. J.; Lerch, T.; Lessio, L.; Leto, G.; Lieunard, B.;
Lieunard, S.; Lindemann, R.; Lindfors, E.; Liolios, A.; Lipniacka,
A.; Lockart, H.; Lohse, T.; Lombardi, S.; Longo, F.; Lopatin, A.;
Lopez, M.; López-Coto, R.; López-Oramas, A.; Lorca, A.; Lorenz,
E.; Louis, F.; Lubinski, P.; Lucarelli, F.; Lüdecke, H.; Ludwin, J.;
Luque-Escamilla, P. L.; Lustermann, W.; Luz, O.; Lyard, E.; Maccarone,
M. C.; Maccarone, T. J.; Madejski, G. M.; Madhavan, A.; Mahabir, M.;
Maier, G.; Majumdar, P.; Malaguti, G.; Malaspina, G.; Maltezos, S.;
Manalaysay, A.; Mancilla, A.; Mandat, D.; Maneva, G.; Mangano, A.;
Manigot, P.; Mannheim, K.; Manthos, I.; Maragos, N.; Marcowith, A.;
Mariotti, M.; Marisaldi, M.; Markoff, S.; Marszałek, A.; Martens,
C.; Martí, J.; Martin, J. -M.; Martin, P.; Martínez, G.; Martínez,
F.; Martínez, M.; Massaro, F.; Masserot, A.; Mastichiadis, A.;
Mathieu, A.; Matsumoto, H.; Mattana, F.; Mattiazzo, S.; Maurer, A.;
Maurin, G.; Maxfield, S.; Maya, J.; Mazin, D.; Mc Comb, L.; McCann,
A.; McCubbin, N.; McHardy, I.; McKay, R.; Meagher, K.; Medina, C.;
Melioli, C.; Melkumyan, D.; Melo, D.; Mereghetti, S.; Mertsch, P.;
Meucci, M.; Meyer, M.; Michałowski, J.; Micolon, P.; Mihailidis,
A.; Mineo, T.; Minuti, M.; Mirabal, N.; Mirabel, F.; Miranda, J. M.;
Mirzoyan, R.; Mistò, A.; Mizuno, T.; Moal, B.; Moderski, R.; Mognet,
I.; Molinari, E.; Molinaro, M.; Montaruli, T.; Monte, C.; Monteiro, I.;
Moore, P.; Moralejo Olaizola, A.; Mordalska, M.; Morello, C.; Mori,
K.; Morlino, G.; Morselli, A.; Mottez, F.; Moudden, Y.; Moulin, E.;
Mrusek, I.; Mukherjee, R.; Munar-Adrover, P.; Muraishi, H.; Murase, K.;
StJ. Murphy, A.; Nagataki, S.; Naito, T.; Nakajima, D.; Nakamori, T.;
Nakayama, K.; Naumann, C.; Naumann, D.; Naumann-Godo, M.; Nayman, P.;
Nedbal, D.; Neise, D.; Nellen, L.; Neronov, A.; Neustroev, V.; Neyroud,
N.; Nicastro, L.; Nicolau-Kukliński, J.; Niedźwiecki, A.; Niemiec,
J.; Nieto, D.; Nikolaidis, A.; Nishijima, K.; Nishikawa, K. -I.;
Noda, K.; Nolan, S.; Northrop, R.; Nosek, D.; Nowak, N.; Nozato, A.;
Oakes, L.; O'Brien, P. T.; Ohira, Y.; Ohishi, M.; Ohm, S.; Ohoka, H.;
Okuda, T.; Okumura, A.; Olive, J. -F.; Ong, R. A.; Orito, R.; Orr, M.;
Osborne, J. P.; Ostrowski, M.; Otero, L. A.; Otte, N.; Ovcharov, E.;
Oya, I.; Ozieblo, A.; Padilla, L.; Pagano, I.; Paiano, S.; Paillot, D.;
Paizis, A.; Palanque, S.; Palatka, M.; Pallota, J.; Palatiello, M.;
Panagiotidis, K.; Panazol, J. -L.; Paneque, D.; Panter, M.; Panzera,
M. R.; Paoletti, R.; Papayannis, A.; Papyan, G.; Paredes, J. M.;
Pareschi, G.; Parraud, J. -M.; Parsons, D.; Pauletta, G.; Paz Arribas,
M.; Pech, M.; Pedaletti, G.; Pelassa, V.; Pelat, D.; Perez, M. d. C.;
Persic, M.; Petrucci, P. -O.; Peyaud, B.; Pichel, A.; Pieloth, D.;
Pierre, E.; Pita, S.; Pivato, G.; Pizzolato, F.; Platino, M.; Platos,
Ł.; Platzer, R.; Podkladkin, S.; Pogosyan, L.; Pohl, M.; Pojmanski,
G.; Ponz, J. D.; Potter, W.; Poutanen, J.; Prandini, E.; Prast,
J.; Preece, R.; Profeti, F.; Prokoph, H.; Prouza, M.; Proyetti, M.;
Puerto-Giménez, I.; Pühlhofer, G.; Puljak, I.; Punch, M.; Pyzioł,
R.; Quel, E. J.; Quesada, J.; Quinn, J.; Quirrenbach, A.; Racero, E.;
Rainò, S.; Rajda, P. J.; Rameez, M.; Ramon, P.; Rando, R.; Rannot,
R. C.; Rataj, M.; Raue, M.; Ravignani, D.; Reardon, P.; Reimann,
O.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Reitberger, K.; Renaud, M.; Renner,
S.; Reville, B.; Rhode, W.; Ribó, M.; Ribordy, M.; Richards, G.;
Richer, M. G.; Rico, J.; Ridky, J.; Rieger, F.; Ringegni, P.; Ripken,
J.; Ristori, P. R.; Rivière, A.; Rivoire, S.; Rob, L.; Rodeghiero,
G.; Roeser, U.; Rohlfs, R.; Rojas, G.; Romano, P.; Romaszkan, W.;
Romero, G. E.; Rosen, S. R.; Rosier Lees, S.; Ross, D.; Rouaix, G.;
Rousselle, J.; Rousselle, S.; Rovero, A. C.; Roy, F.; Royer, S.;
Rudak, B.; Rulten, C.; Rupiński, M.; Russo, F.; Ryde, F.; Saavedra,
O.; Sacco, B.; Saemann, E. O.; Saggion, A.; Sahakian, V.; Saito, K.;
Saito, T.; Saito, Y.; Sakaki, N.; Sakonaka, R.; Salini, A.; Sanchez,
F.; Sanchez-Conde, M.; Sandoval, A.; Sandaker, H.; Sant'Ambrogio, E.;
Santangelo, A.; Santos, E. M.; Sanuy, A.; Sapozhnikov, L.; Sarkar,
S.; Sartore, N.; Sasaki, H.; Satalecka, K.; Sawada, M.; Scalzotto, V.;
Scapin, V.; Scarcioffolo, M.; Schafer, J.; Schanz, T.; Schlenstedt,
S.; Schlickeiser, R.; Schmidt, T.; Schmoll, J.; Schovanek, P.;
Schroedter, M.; Schubert, A.; Schultz, C.; Schultze, J.; Schulz,
A.; Schure, K.; Schussler, F.; Schwab, T.; Schwanke, U.; Schwarz,
J.; Schwarzburg, S.; Schweizer, T.; Schwemmer, S.; Schwendicke, U.;
Schwerdt, C.; Segreto, A.; Seiradakis, J. -H.; Sembroski, G. H.;
Servillat, M.; Seweryn, K.; Sharma, M.; Shayduk, M.; Shellard,
R. C.; Shi, J.; Shibata, T.; Shibuya, A.; Shore, S.; Shum, E.;
Sideras-Haddad, E.; Sidoli, L.; Sidz, M.; Sieiro, J.; Sikora, M.;
Silk, J.; Sillanpää, A.; Singh, B. B.; Sironi, G.; Sitarek, J.;
Skole, C.; Smareglia, R.; Smith, A.; Smith, D.; Smith, J.; Smith,
N.; Sobczyńska, D.; Sol, H.; Sottile, G.; Sowiński, M.; Spanier,
F.; Spiga, D.; Spyrou, S.; Stamatescu, V.; Stamerra, A.; Starling,
R. L. C.; Stawarz, Ł.; Steenkamp, R.; Stegmann, C.; Steiner, S.;
Stella, C.; Stergioulas, N.; Sternberger, R.; Sterzel, M.; Stinzing,
F.; Stodulski, M.; Stolarczyk, Th.; Straumann, U.; Strazzeri, E.;
Stringhetti, L.; Suarez, A.; Suchenek, M.; Sugawara, R.; Sulanke,
K. -H.; Sun, S.; Supanitsky, A. D.; Suric, T.; Sutcliffe, P.; Sykes,
J. M.; Szanecki, M.; Szepieniec, T.; Szostek, A.; Tagliaferri, G.;
Tajima, H.; Takahashi, H.; Takahashi, K.; Takalo, L.; Takami, H.;
Talbot, G.; Tammi, J.; Tanaka, M.; Tanaka, S.; Tasan, J.; Tavani,
M.; Tavernet, J. -P.; Tejedor, L. A.; Telezhinsky, I.; Temnikov, P.;
Tenzer, C.; Terada, Y.; Terrier, R.; Teshima, M.; Testa, V.; Tezier,
D.; Thayer, J.; Thuermann, D.; Tibaldo, L.; Tibaldo, L.; Tibolla,
O.; Tiengo, A.; Timpanaro, M. C.; Tluczykont, M.; Todero Peixoto,
C. J.; Tokanai, F.; Tokarz, M.; Toma, K.; Tonachini, A.; Torii, K.;
Tornikoski, M.; Torres, D. F.; Torres, M.; Toscano, S.; Toso, G.;
Tosti, G.; Totani, T.; Toussenel, F.; Tovmassian, G.; Travnicek, P.;
Treves, A.; Trifoglio, M.; Troyano, I.; Tsinganos, K.; Ueno, H.; Umana,
G.; Umehara, K.; Upadhya, S. S.; Usher, T.; Uslenghi, M.; Vagnetti, F.;
Valdes-Galicia, J. F.; Vallania, P.; Vallejo, G.; van Driel, W.; van
Eldik, C.; Vandenbrouke, J.; Vanderwalt, J.; Vankov, H.; Vasileiadis,
G.; Vassiliev, V.; Veberic, D.; Vegas, I.; Vercellone, S.; Vergani,
S.; Verzi, V.; Vettolani, G. P.; Veyssière, C.; Vialle, J. P.;
Viana, A.; Videla, M.; Vigorito, C.; Vincent, P.; Vincent, S.; Vink,
J.; Vlahakis, N.; Vlahos, L.; Vogler, P.; Voisin, V.; Vollhardt, A.;
von Gunten, H. -P.; Vorobiov, S.; Vuerli, C.; Waegebaert, V.; Wagner,
R.; Wagner, R. G.; Wagner, S.; Wakely, S. P.; Walter, R.; Walther,
T.; Warda, K.; Warwick, R. S.; Wawer, P.; Wawrzaszek, R.; Webb, N.;
Wegner, P.; Weinstein, A.; Weitzel, Q.; Welsing, R.; Werner, M.;
Wetteskind, H.; White, R. J.; Wierzcholska, A.; Wiesand, S.; Wilhelm,
A.; Wilkinson, M. I.; Williams, D. A.; Willingale, R.; Winde, M.;
Winiarski, K.; Wischnewski, R.; Wiśniewski, Ł.; Wojcik, P.; Wood,
M.; Wörnlein, A.; Xiong, Q.; Yadav, K. K.; Yamamoto, H.; Yamamoto,
T.; Yamazaki, R.; Yanagita, S.; Yebras, J. M.; Yelos, D.; Yoshida,
A.; Yoshida, T.; Yoshikoshi, T.; Yu, P.; Zabalza, V.; Zacharias, M.;
Zajczyk, A.; Zampieri, L.; Zanin, R.; Zdziarski, A.; Zech, A.; Zhao,
A.; Zhou, X.; Zietara, K.; Ziolkowski, J.; Ziółkowski, P.; Zitelli,
V.; Zurbach, C.; Zychowski, P.
Bibcode: 2013arXiv1307.2232C
Altcode:
Compilation of CTA contributions to the proceedings of the 33rd
International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2013), which took place in
2-9 July, 2013, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Title: Introducing the CTA concept
Authors: Acharya, B. S.; Actis, M.; Aghajani, T.; Agnetta, G.;
Aguilar, J.; Aharonian, F.; Ajello, M.; Akhperjanian, A.; Alcubierre,
M.; Aleksić, J.; Alfaro, R.; Aliu, E.; Allafort, A. J.; Allan, D.;
Allekotte, I.; Amato, E.; Anderson, J.; Angüner, E. O.; Antonelli,
L. A.; Antoranz, P.; Aravantinos, A.; Arlen, T.; Armstrong, T.;
Arnaldi, H.; Arrabito, L.; Asano, K.; Ashton, T.; Asorey, H. G.; Awane,
Y.; Baba, H.; Babic, A.; Baby, N.; Bähr, J.; Bais, A.; Baixeras, C.;
Bajtlik, S.; Balbo, M.; Balis, D.; Balkowski, C.; Bamba, A.; Bandiera,
R.; Barber, A.; Barbier, C.; Barceló, M.; Barnacka, A.; Barnstedt, J.;
Barres de Almeida, U.; Barrio, J. A.; Basili, A.; Basso, S.; Bastieri,
D.; Bauer, C.; Baushev, A.; Becerra, J.; Becherini, Y.; Bechtol, K. C.;
Becker Tjus, J.; Beckmann, V.; Bednarek, W.; Behera, B.; Belluso,
M.; Benbow, W.; Berdugo, J.; Berger, K.; Bernard, F.; Bernardino, T.;
Bernlöhr, K.; Bhat, N.; Bhattacharyya, S.; Bigongiari, C.; Biland,
A.; Billotta, S.; Bird, T.; Birsin, E.; Bissaldi, E.; Biteau, J.;
Bitossi, M.; Blake, S.; Blanch Bigas, O.; Blasi, P.; Bobkov, A.;
Boccone, V.; Boettcher, M.; Bogacz, L.; Bogart, J.; Bogdan, M.;
Boisson, C.; Boix Gargallo, J.; Bolmont, J.; Bonanno, G.; Bonardi,
A.; Bonev, T.; Bonifacio, P.; Bonnoli, G.; Bordas, P.; Borgland,
A.; Borkowski, J.; Bose, R.; Botner, O.; Bottani, A.; Bouchet, L.;
Bourgeat, M.; Boutonnet, C.; Bouvier, A.; Brau-Nogué, S.; Braun, I.;
Bretz, T.; Briggs, M.; Bringmann, T.; Brook, P.; Brun, P.; Brunetti,
L.; Buanes, T.; Buckley, J.; Buehler, R.; Bugaev, V.; Bulgarelli, A.;
Bulik, T.; Busetto, G.; Buson, S.; Byrum, K.; Cailles, M.; Cameron,
R.; Camprecios, J.; Canestrari, R.; Cantu, S.; Capalbi, M.; Caraveo,
P.; Carmona, E.; Carosi, A.; Carr, J.; Carton, P. -H.; Casanova,
S.; Casiraghi, M.; Catalano, O.; Cavazzani, S.; Cazaux, S.; Cerruti,
M.; Chabanne, E.; Chadwick, P.; Champion, C.; Chen, A.; Chiang, J.;
Chiappetti, L.; Chikawa, M.; Chitnis, V. R.; Chollet, F.; Chudoba, J.;
Cieślar, M.; Cillis, A.; Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Colafrancesco, S.; Colin,
P.; Colome, J.; Colonges, S.; Compin, M.; Conconi, P.; Conforti, V.;
Connaughton, V.; Conrad, J.; Contreras, J. L.; Coppi, P.; Corona, P.;
Corti, D.; Cortina, J.; Cossio, L.; Costantini, H.; Cotter, G.; Courty,
B.; Couturier, S.; Covino, S.; Crimi, G.; Criswell, S. J.; Croston,
J.; Cusumano, G.; Dafonseca, M.; Dale, O.; Daniel, M.; Darling, J.;
Davids, I.; Dazzi, F.; De Angelis, A.; De Caprio, V.; De Frondat,
F.; de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M.; de la Calle, I.; De La Vega, G. A.;
de los Reyes Lopez, R.; De Lotto, B.; De Luca, A.; de Mello Neto,
J. R. T.; de Naurois, M.; de Oliveira, Y.; de Oña Wilhelmi, E.;
de Souza, V.; Decerprit, G.; Decock, G.; Deil, C.; Delagnes, E.;
Deleglise, G.; Delgado, C.; Della Volpe, D.; Demange, P.; Depaola,
G.; Dettlaff, A.; Di Paola, A.; Di Pierro, F.; Díaz, C.; Dick, J.;
Dickherber, R.; Dickinson, H.; Diez-Blanco, V.; Digel, S.; Dimitrov,
D.; Disset, G.; Djannati-Ataï, A.; Doert, M.; Dohmke, M.; Domainko,
W.; Dominis Prester, D.; Donat, A.; Dorner, D.; Doro, M.; Dournaux,
J. -L.; Drake, G.; Dravins, D.; Drury, L.; Dubois, F.; Dubois, R.;
Dubus, G.; Dufour, C.; Dumas, D.; Dumm, J.; Durand, D.; Dyks, J.;
Dyrda, M.; Ebr, J.; Edy, E.; Egberts, K.; Eger, P.; Einecke, S.;
Eleftheriadis, C.; Elles, S.; Emmanoulopoulos, D.; Engelhaupt, D.;
Enomoto, R.; Ernenwein, J. -P.; Errando, M.; Etchegoyen, A.; Evans,
P.; Falcone, A.; Fantinel, D.; Farakos, K.; Farnier, C.; Fasola,
G.; Favill, B.; Fede, E.; Federici, S.; Fegan, S.; Feinstein, F.;
Ferenc, D.; Ferrando, P.; Fesquet, M.; Fiasson, A.; Fillin-Martino,
E.; Fink, D.; Finley, C.; Finley, J. P.; Fiorini, M.; Firpo Curcoll,
R.; Flores, H.; Florin, D.; Focke, W.; Föhr, C.; Fokitis, E.; Font,
L.; Fontaine, G.; Fornasa, M.; Förster, A.; Fortson, L.; Fouque,
N.; Franckowiak, A.; Fransson, C.; Fraser, G.; Frei, R.; Albuquerque,
I. F. M.; Fresnillo, L.; Fruck, C.; Fujita, Y.; Fukazawa, Y.; Fukui,
Y.; Funk, S.; Gäbele, W.; Gabici, S.; Gabriele, R.; Gadola, A.;
Galante, N.; Gall, D.; Gallant, Y.; Gámez-García, J.; García, B.;
Garcia López, R.; Gardiol, D.; Garrido, D.; Garrido, L.; Gascon,
D.; Gaug, M.; Gaweda, J.; Gebremedhin, L.; Geffroy, N.; Gerard, L.;
Ghedina, A.; Ghigo, M.; Giannakaki, E.; Gianotti, F.; Giarrusso, S.;
Giavitto, G.; Giebels, B.; Gika, V.; Giommi, P.; Girard, N.; Giro,
E.; Giuliani, A.; Glanzman, T.; Glicenstein, J. -F.; Godinovic, N.;
Golev, V.; Gomez Berisso, M.; Gómez-Ortega, J.; Gonzalez, M. M.;
González, A.; González, F.; González Muñoz, A.; Gothe, K. S.;
Gougerot, M.; Graciani, R.; Grandi, P.; Grañena, F.; Granot, J.;
Grasseau, G.; Gredig, R.; Green, A.; Greenshaw, T.; Grégoire,
T.; Grimm, O.; Grube, J.; Grudzinska, M.; Gruev, V.; Grünewald,
S.; Grygorczuk, J.; Guarino, V.; Gunji, S.; Gyuk, G.; Hadasch, D.;
Hagiwara, R.; Hahn, J.; Hakansson, N.; Hallgren, A.; Hamer Heras,
N.; Hara, S.; Hardcastle, M. J.; Harris, J.; Hassan, T.; Hatanaka,
K.; Haubold, T.; Haupt, A.; Hayakawa, T.; Hayashida, M.; Heller, R.;
Henault, F.; Henri, G.; Hermann, G.; Hermel, R.; Herrero, A.; Hidaka,
N.; Hinton, J.; Hoffmann, D.; Hofmann, W.; Hofverberg, P.; Holder, J.;
Horns, D.; Horville, D.; Houles, J.; Hrabovsky, M.; Hrupec, D.; Huan,
H.; Huber, B.; Huet, J. -M.; Hughes, G.; Humensky, T. B.; Huovelin,
J.; Ibarra, A.; Illa, J. M.; Impiombato, D.; Incorvaia, S.; Inoue,
S.; Inoue, Y.; Ioka, K.; Ismailova, E.; Jablonski, C.; Jacholkowska,
A.; Jamrozy, M.; Janiak, M.; Jean, P.; Jeanney, C.; Jimenez, J. J.;
Jogler, T.; Johnson, T.; Journet, L.; Juffroy, C.; Jung, I.; Kaaret,
P.; Kabuki, S.; Kagaya, M.; Kakuwa, J.; Kalkuhl, C.; Kankanyan, R.;
Karastergiou, A.; Kärcher, K.; Karczewski, M.; Karkar, S.; Kasperek,
J.; Kastana, D.; Katagiri, H.; Kataoka, J.; Katarzyński, K.; Katz,
U.; Kawanaka, N.; Kellner-Leidel, B.; Kelly, H.; Kendziorra, E.;
Khélifi, B.; Kieda, D. B.; Kifune, T.; Kihm, T.; Kishimoto, T.;
Kitamoto, K.; Kluźniak, W.; Knapic, C.; Knapp, J.; Knödlseder, J.;
Köck, F.; Kocot, J.; Kodani, K.; Köhne, J. -H.; Kohri, K.; Kokkotas,
K.; Kolitzus, D.; Komin, N.; Kominis, I.; Konno, Y.; Köppel, H.;
Korohoda, P.; Kosack, K.; Koss, G.; Kossakowski, R.; Kostka, P.;
Koul, R.; Kowal, G.; Koyama, S.; Kozioł, J.; Krähenbühl, T.;
Krause, J.; Krawzcynski, H.; Krennrich, F.; Krepps, A.; Kretzschmann,
A.; Krobot, R.; Krueger, P.; Kubo, H.; Kudryavtsev, V. A.; Kushida,
J.; Kuznetsov, A.; La Barbera, A.; La Palombara, N.; La Parola, V.;
La Rosa, G.; Lacombe, K.; Lamanna, G.; Lande, J.; Languignon, D.;
Lapington, J.; Laporte, P.; Lavalley, C.; Le Flour, T.; Le Padellec,
A.; Lee, S. -H.; Lee, W. H.; Leigui de Oliveira, M. A.; Lelas, D.;
Lenain, J. -P.; Leopold, D. J.; Lerch, T.; Lessio, L.; Lieunard, B.;
Lindfors, E.; Liolios, A.; Lipniacka, A.; Lockart, H.; Lohse, T.;
Lombardi, S.; Lopatin, A.; Lopez, M.; López-Coto, R.; López-Oramas,
A.; Lorca, A.; Lorenz, E.; Lubinski, P.; Lucarelli, F.; Lüdecke, H.;
Ludwin, J.; Luque-Escamilla, P. L.; Lustermann, W.; Luz, O.; Lyard,
E.; Maccarone, M. C.; Maccarone, T. J.; Madejski, G. M.; Madhavan,
A.; Mahabir, M.; Maier, G.; Majumdar, P.; Malaguti, G.; Maltezos, S.;
Manalaysay, A.; Mancilla, A.; Mandat, D.; Maneva, G.; Mangano, A.;
Manigot, P.; Mannheim, K.; Manthos, I.; Maragos, N.; Marcowith, A.;
Mariotti, M.; Marisaldi, M.; Markoff, S.; Marszałek, A.; Martens, C.;
Martí, J.; Martin, J. -M.; Martin, P.; Martínez, G.; Martínez, F.;
Martínez, M.; Masserot, A.; Mastichiadis, A.; Mathieu, A.; Matsumoto,
H.; Mattana, F.; Mattiazzo, S.; Maurin, G.; Maxfield, S.; Maya, J.;
Mazin, D.; Mc Comb, L.; McCubbin, N.; McHardy, I.; McKay, R.; Medina,
C.; Melioli, C.; Melkumyan, D.; Mereghetti, S.; Mertsch, P.; Meucci,
M.; Michałowski, J.; Micolon, P.; Mihailidis, A.; Mineo, T.; Minuti,
M.; Mirabal, N.; Mirabel, F.; Miranda, J. M.; Mirzoyan, R.; Mizuno,
T.; Moal, B.; Moderski, R.; Mognet, I.; Molinari, E.; Molinaro,
M.; Montaruli, T.; Monteiro, I.; Moore, P.; Moralejo Olaizola,
A.; Mordalska, M.; Morello, C.; Mori, K.; Mottez, F.; Moudden, Y.;
Moulin, E.; Mrusek, I.; Mukherjee, R.; Munar-Adrover, P.; Muraishi,
H.; Murase, K.; Murphy, A.; Nagataki, S.; Naito, T.; Nakajima, D.;
Nakamori, T.; Nakayama, K.; Naumann, C.; Naumann, D.; Naumann-Godo,
M.; Nayman, P.; Nedbal, D.; Neise, D.; Nellen, L.; Neustroev, V.;
Neyroud, N.; Nicastro, L.; Nicolau-Kukliński, J.; Niedźwiecki, A.;
Niemiec, J.; Nieto, D.; Nikolaidis, A.; Nishijima, K.; Nolan, S.;
Northrop, R.; Nosek, D.; Nowak, N.; Nozato, A.; O'Brien, P.; Ohira,
Y.; Ohishi, M.; Ohm, S.; Ohoka, H.; Okuda, T.; Okumura, A.; Olive,
J. -F.; Ong, R. A.; Orito, R.; Orr, M.; Osborne, J.; Ostrowski, M.;
Otero, L. A.; Otte, N.; Ovcharov, E.; Oya, I.; Ozieblo, A.; Padilla,
L.; Paiano, S.; Paillot, D.; Paizis, A.; Palanque, S.; Palatka, M.;
Pallota, J.; Panagiotidis, K.; Panazol, J. -L.; Paneque, D.; Panter,
M.; Paoletti, R.; Papayannis, A.; Papyan, G.; Paredes, J. M.; Pareschi,
G.; Parks, G.; Parraud, J. -M.; Parsons, D.; Paz Arribas, M.; Pech,
M.; Pedaletti, G.; Pelassa, V.; Pelat, D.; Perez, M. d. C.; Persic,
M.; Petrucci, P. -O.; Peyaud, B.; Pichel, A.; Pita, S.; Pizzolato, F.;
Platos, Ł.; Platzer, R.; Pogosyan, L.; Pohl, M.; Pojmanski, G.; Ponz,
J. D.; Potter, W.; Poutanen, J.; Prandini, E.; Prast, J.; Preece, R.;
Profeti, F.; Prokoph, H.; Prouza, M.; Proyetti, M.; Puerto-Gimenez, I.;
Pühlhofer, G.; Puljak, I.; Punch, M.; Pyzioł, R.; Quel, E. J.; Quinn,
J.; Quirrenbach, A.; Racero, E.; Rajda, P. J.; Ramon, P.; Rando, R.;
Rannot, R. C.; Rataj, M.; Raue, M.; Reardon, P.; Reimann, O.; Reimer,
A.; Reimer, O.; Reitberger, K.; Renaud, M.; Renner, S.; Reville, B.;
Rhode, W.; Ribó, M.; Ribordy, M.; Richer, M. G.; Rico, J.; Ridky,
J.; Rieger, F.; Ringegni, P.; Ripken, J.; Ristori, P. R.; Riviére,
A.; Rivoire, S.; Rob, L.; Roeser, U.; Rohlfs, R.; Rojas, G.; Romano,
P.; Romaszkan, W.; Romero, G. E.; Rosen, S.; Rosier Lees, S.; Ross,
D.; Rouaix, G.; Rousselle, J.; Rousselle, S.; Rovero, A. C.; Roy,
F.; Royer, S.; Rudak, B.; Rulten, C.; Rupiński, M.; Russo, F.; Ryde,
F.; Sacco, B.; Saemann, E. O.; Saggion, A.; Sahakian, V.; Saito, K.;
Saito, T.; Saito, Y.; Sakaki, N.; Sakonaka, R.; Salini, A.; Sanchez,
F.; Sanchez-Conde, M.; Sandoval, A.; Sandaker, H.; Sant'Ambrogio,
E.; Santangelo, A.; Santos, E. M.; Sanuy, A.; Sapozhnikov, L.;
Sarkar, S.; Sartore, N.; Sasaki, H.; Satalecka, K.; Sawada, M.;
Scalzotto, V.; Scapin, V.; Scarcioffolo, M.; Schafer, J.; Schanz,
T.; Schlenstedt, S.; Schlickeiser, R.; Schmidt, T.; Schmoll, J.;
Schovanek, P.; Schroedter, M.; Schultz, C.; Schultze, J.; Schulz,
A.; Schure, K.; Schwab, T.; Schwanke, U.; Schwarz, J.; Schwarzburg,
S.; Schweizer, T.; Schwemmer, S.; Segreto, A.; Seiradakis, J. -H.;
Sembroski, G. H.; Seweryn, K.; Sharma, M.; Shayduk, M.; Shellard,
R. C.; Shi, J.; Shibata, T.; Shibuya, A.; Shum, E.; Sidoli, L.; Sidz,
M.; Sieiro, J.; Sikora, M.; Silk, J.; Sillanpää, A.; Singh, B. B.;
Sitarek, J.; Skole, C.; Smareglia, R.; Smith, A.; Smith, D.; Smith,
J.; Smith, N.; Sobczyńska, D.; Sol, H.; Sottile, G.; Sowiński, M.;
Spanier, F.; Spiga, D.; Spyrou, S.; Stamatescu, V.; Stamerra, A.;
Starling, R.; Stawarz, Ł.; Steenkamp, R.; Stegmann, C.; Steiner,
S.; Stergioulas, N.; Sternberger, R.; Sterzel, M.; Stinzing, F.;
Stodulski, M.; Straumann, U.; Strazzeri, E.; Stringhetti, L.;
Suarez, A.; Suchenek, M.; Sugawara, R.; Sulanke, K. -H.; Sun, S.;
Supanitsky, A. D.; Suric, T.; Sutcliffe, P.; Sykes, J.; Szanecki, M.;
Szepieniec, T.; Szostek, A.; Tagliaferri, G.; Tajima, H.; Takahashi,
H.; Takahashi, K.; Takalo, L.; Takami, H.; Talbot, G.; Tammi, J.;
Tanaka, M.; Tanaka, S.; Tasan, J.; Tavani, M.; Tavernet, J. -P.;
Tejedor, L. A.; Telezhinsky, I.; Temnikov, P.; Tenzer, C.; Terada,
Y.; Terrier, R.; Teshima, M.; Testa, V.; Tezier, D.; Thuermann, D.;
Tibaldo, L.; Tibolla, O.; Tiengo, A.; Tluczykont, M.; Todero Peixoto,
C. J.; Tokanai, F.; Tokarz, M.; Toma, K.; Torii, K.; Tornikoski,
M.; Torres, D. F.; Torres, M.; Tosti, G.; Totani, T.; Toussenel, F.;
Tovmassian, G.; Travnicek, P.; Trifoglio, M.; Troyano, I.; Tsinganos,
K.; Ueno, H.; Umehara, K.; Upadhya, S. S.; Usher, T.; Uslenghi, M.;
Valdes-Galicia, J. F.; Vallania, P.; Vallejo, G.; van Driel, W.; van
Eldik, C.; Vandenbrouke, J.; Vanderwalt, J.; Vankov, H.; Vasileiadis,
G.; Vassiliev, V.; Veberic, D.; Vegas, I.; Vercellone, S.; Vergani,
S.; Veyssiére, C.; Vialle, J. P.; Viana, A.; Videla, M.; Vincent, P.;
Vincent, S.; Vink, J.; Vlahakis, N.; Vlahos, L.; Vogler, P.; Vollhardt,
A.; von Gunten, H. -P.; Vorobiov, S.; Vuerli, C.; Waegebaert, V.;
Wagner, R.; Wagner, R. G.; Wagner, S.; Wakely, S. P.; Walter, R.;
Walther, T.; Warda, K.; Warwick, R.; Wawer, P.; Wawrzaszek, R.; Webb,
N.; Wegner, P.; Weinstein, A.; Weitzel, Q.; Welsing, R.; Werner, M.;
Wetteskind, H.; White, R.; Wierzcholska, A.; Wiesand, S.; Wilkinson,
M.; Williams, D. A.; Willingale, R.; Winiarski, K.; Wischnewski, R.;
Wiśniewski, Ł.; Wood, M.; Wörnlein, A.; Xiong, Q.; Yadav, K. K.;
Yamamoto, H.; Yamamoto, T.; Yamazaki, R.; Yanagita, S.; Yebras,
J. M.; Yelos, D.; Yoshida, A.; Yoshida, T.; Yoshikoshi, T.; Zabalza,
V.; Zacharias, M.; Zajczyk, A.; Zanin, R.; Zdziarski, A.; Zech, A.;
Zhao, A.; Zhou, X.; Ziętara, K.; Ziolkowski, J.; Ziółkowski, P.;
Zitelli, V.; Zurbach, C.; Żychowski, P.; CTA Consortium
Bibcode: 2013APh....43....3A
Altcode: 2013APh....43....3C
The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a new observatory for very
high-energy (VHE) gamma rays. CTA has ambitions science goals, for which
it is necessary to achieve full-sky coverage, to improve the sensitivity
by about an order of magnitude, to span about four decades of energy,
from a few tens of GeV to above 100 TeV with enhanced angular and energy
resolutions over existing VHE gamma-ray observatories. An international
collaboration has formed with more than 1000 members from 27 countries
in Europe, Asia, Africa and North and South America. In 2010 the CTA
Consortium completed a Design Study and started a three-year Preparatory
Phase which leads to production readiness of CTA in 2014. In this paper
we introduce the science goals and the concept of CTA, and provide an
overview of the project.
Title: Optical intensity interferometry with the Cherenkov Telescope
Array
Authors: Dravins, Dainis; LeBohec, Stephan; Jensen, Hannes; Nuñez,
Paul D.; CTA Consortium
Bibcode: 2013APh....43..331D
Altcode: 2012arXiv1204.3624D
With its unprecedented light-collecting area for night-sky observations,
the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) holds great potential for also
optical stellar astronomy, in particular as a multi-element intensity
interferometer for realizing imaging with sub-milliarcsecond angular
resolution. Such an order-of-magnitude increase of the spatial
resolution achieved in optical astronomy will reveal the surfaces of
rotationally flattened stars with structures in their circumstellar
disks and winds, or the gas flows between close binaries. Image
reconstruction is feasible from the second-order coherence of light,
measured as the temporal correlations of arrival times between photons
recorded in different telescopes. This technique (once pioneered by
Hanbury Brown and Twiss) connects telescopes only with electronic
signals and is practically insensitive to atmospheric turbulence
and to imperfections in telescope optics. Detector and telescope
requirements are very similar to those for imaging air Cherenkov
observatories, the main difference being the signal processing
(calculating cross correlations between single camera pixels
in pairs of telescopes). Observations of brighter stars are not
limited by sky brightness, permitting efficient CTA use during also
bright-Moon periods. While other concepts have been proposed to realize
kilometer-scale optical interferometers of conventional amplitude
(phase-) type, both in space and on the ground, their complexity places
them much further into the future than CTA, which thus could become
the first kilometer-scale optical imager in astronomy.
Title: Stellar intensity interferometry: Prospects for
sub-milliarcsecond optical imaging
Authors: Dravins, Dainis; LeBohec, Stephan; Jensen, Hannes; Nuñez,
Paul D.
Bibcode: 2012NewAR..56..143D
Altcode: 2012arXiv1207.0808D
Using kilometric arrays of air Cherenkov telescopes at short
wavelengths, intensity interferometry may increase the spatial
resolution achieved in optical astronomy by an order of magnitude,
enabling images of rapidly rotating hot stars with structures in
their circumstellar disks and winds, or mapping out patterns of
nonradial pulsations across stellar surfaces. Intensity interferometry
(once pioneered by Hanbury Brown and Twiss) connects telescopes only
electronically, and is practically insensitive to atmospheric turbulence
and optical imperfections, permitting observations over long baselines
and through large airmasses, also at short optical wavelengths. The
required large telescopes (∼10 m) with very fast detectors (∼ns)
are becoming available as the arrays primarily erected to measure
Cherenkov light emitted in air by particle cascades initiated by
energetic gamma rays. Planned facilities (e.g., CTA, Cherenkov Telescope
Array) envision many tens of telescopes distributed over a few square
km. Digital signal handling enables very many baselines (from tens of
meters to over a kilometer) to be simultaneously synthesized between
many pairs of telescopes, while stars may be tracked across the sky with
electronic time delays, in effect synthesizing an optical interferometer
in software. Simulated observations indicate limiting magnitudes around
mV = 8, reaching angular resolutions ∼30 μarcsec in the
violet. The signal-to-noise ratio favors high-temperature sources and
emission-line structures, and is independent of the optical passband,
be it a single spectral line or the broad spectral continuum. Intensity
interferometry directly provides the modulus (but not phase) of any
spatial frequency component of the source image; for this reason a
full image reconstruction requires phase retrieval techniques. This is
feasible if sufficient coverage of the interferometric (u, v)-plane is
available, as was verified through numerical simulations. Laboratory and
field experiments are in progress; test telescopes have been erected,
intensity interferometry has been achieved in the laboratory, and first
full-scale tests of connecting large Cherenkov telescopes have been
carried out. This paper reviews this interferometric method in view of
the new possibilities offered by arrays of air Cherenkov telescopes,
and outlines observational programs that should become realistic
already in the rather near future.
Title: Design concepts for the Cherenkov Telescope Array CTA: an
advanced facility for ground-based high-energy gamma-ray astronomy
Authors: Actis, M.; Agnetta, G.; Aharonian, F.; Akhperjanian,
A.; Aleksić, J.; Aliu, E.; Allan, D.; Allekotte, I.; Antico, F.;
Antonelli, L. A.; Antoranz, P.; Aravantinos, A.; Arlen, T.; Arnaldi,
H.; Artmann, S.; Asano, K.; Asorey, H.; Bähr, J.; Bais, A.; Baixeras,
C.; Bajtlik, S.; Balis, D.; Bamba, A.; Barbier, C.; Barceló, M.;
Barnacka, A.; Barnstedt, J.; Barres de Almeida, U.; Barrio, J. A.;
Basso, S.; Bastieri, D.; Bauer, C.; Becerra, J.; Becherini, Y.;
Bechtol, K.; Becker, J.; Beckmann, V.; Bednarek, W.; Behera, B.;
Beilicke, M.; Belluso, M.; Benallou, M.; Benbow, W.; Berdugo, J.;
Berger, K.; Bernardino, T.; Bernlöhr, K.; Biland, A.; Billotta, S.;
Bird, T.; Birsin, E.; Bissaldi, E.; Blake, S.; Blanch, O.; Bobkov,
A. A.; Bogacz, L.; Bogdan, M.; Boisson, C.; Boix, J.; Bolmont,
J.; Bonanno, G.; Bonardi, A.; Bonev, T.; Borkowski, J.; Botner, O.;
Bottani, A.; Bourgeat, M.; Boutonnet, C.; Bouvier, A.; Brau-Nogué, S.;
Braun, I.; Bretz, T.; Briggs, M. S.; Brun, P.; Brunetti, L.; Buckley,
J. H.; Bugaev, V.; Bühler, R.; Bulik, T.; Busetto, G.; Buson, S.;
Byrum, K.; Cailles, M.; Cameron, R.; Canestrari, R.; Cantu, S.;
Carmona, E.; Carosi, A.; Carr, J.; Carton, P. H.; Casiraghi, M.;
Castarede, H.; Catalano, O.; Cavazzani, S.; Cazaux, S.; Cerruti,
B.; Cerruti, M.; Chadwick, P. M.; Chiang, J.; Chikawa, M.; Cieślar,
M.; Ciesielska, M.; Cillis, A.; Clerc, C.; Colin, P.; Colomé, J.;
Compin, M.; Conconi, P.; Connaughton, V.; Conrad, J.; Contreras, J. L.;
Coppi, P.; Corlier, M.; Corona, P.; Corpace, O.; Corti, D.; Cortina,
J.; Costantini, H.; Cotter, G.; Courty, B.; Couturier, S.; Covino,
S.; Croston, J.; Cusumano, G.; Daniel, M. K.; Dazzi, F.; de Angelis,
A.; de Cea Del Pozo, E.; de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M.; de Jager, O.;
de La Calle Pérez, I.; de La Vega, G.; de Lotto, B.; de Naurois,
M.; de Oña Wilhelmi, E.; de Souza, V.; Decerprit, B.; Deil, C.;
Delagnes, E.; Deleglise, G.; Delgado, C.; Dettlaff, T.; di Paolo,
A.; di Pierro, F.; Díaz, C.; Dick, J.; Dickinson, H.; Digel, S. W.;
Dimitrov, D.; Disset, G.; Djannati-Ataï, A.; Doert, M.; Domainko,
W.; Dorner, D.; Doro, M.; Dournaux, J. -L.; Dravins, D.; Drury, L.;
Dubois, F.; Dubois, R.; Dubus, G.; Dufour, C.; Durand, D.; Dyks,
J.; Dyrda, M.; Edy, E.; Egberts, K.; Eleftheriadis, C.; Elles, S.;
Emmanoulopoulos, D.; Enomoto, R.; Ernenwein, J. -P.; Errando, M.;
Etchegoyen, A.; Falcone, A. D.; Farakos, K.; Farnier, C.; Federici,
S.; Feinstein, F.; Ferenc, D.; Fillin-Martino, E.; Fink, D.; Finley,
C.; Finley, J. P.; Firpo, R.; Florin, D.; Föhr, C.; Fokitis, E.;
Font, Ll.; Fontaine, G.; Fontana, A.; Förster, A.; Fortson, L.;
Fouque, N.; Fransson, C.; Fraser, G. W.; Fresnillo, L.; Fruck, C.;
Fujita, Y.; Fukazawa, Y.; Funk, S.; Gäbele, W.; Gabici, S.; Gadola,
A.; Galante, N.; Gallant, Y.; García, B.; García López, R. J.;
Garrido, D.; Garrido, L.; Gascón, D.; Gasq, C.; Gaug, M.; Gaweda,
J.; Geffroy, N.; Ghag, C.; Ghedina, A.; Ghigo, M.; Gianakaki, E.;
Giarrusso, S.; Giavitto, G.; Giebels, B.; Giro, E.; Giubilato, P.;
Glanzman, T.; Glicenstein, J. -F.; Gochna, M.; Golev, V.; Gómez
Berisso, M.; González, A.; González, F.; Grañena, F.; Graciani,
R.; Granot, J.; Gredig, R.; Green, A.; Greenshaw, T.; Grimm, O.;
Grube, J.; Grudzińska, M.; Grygorczuk, J.; Guarino, V.; Guglielmi,
L.; Guilloux, F.; Gunji, S.; Gyuk, G.; Hadasch, D.; Haefner, D.;
Hagiwara, R.; Hahn, J.; Hallgren, A.; Hara, S.; Hardcastle, M. J.;
Hassan, T.; Haubold, T.; Hauser, M.; Hayashida, M.; Heller, R.; Henri,
G.; Hermann, G.; Herrero, A.; Hinton, J. A.; Hoffmann, D.; Hofmann,
W.; Hofverberg, P.; Horns, D.; Hrupec, D.; Huan, H.; Huber, B.; Huet,
J. -M.; Hughes, G.; Hultquist, K.; Humensky, T. B.; Huppert, J. -F.;
Ibarra, A.; Illa, J. M.; Ingjald, J.; Inoue, Y.; Inoue, S.; Ioka, K.;
Jablonski, C.; Jacholkowska, A.; Janiak, M.; Jean, P.; Jensen, H.;
Jogler, T.; Jung, I.; Kaaret, P.; Kabuki, S.; Kakuwa, J.; Kalkuhl,
C.; Kankanyan, R.; Kapala, M.; Karastergiou, A.; Karczewski, M.;
Karkar, S.; Karlsson, N.; Kasperek, J.; Katagiri, H.; Katarzyński, K.;
Kawanaka, N.; Kȩdziora, B.; Kendziorra, E.; Khélifi, B.; Kieda, D.;
Kifune, T.; Kihm, T.; Klepser, S.; Kluźniak, W.; Knapp, J.; Knappy,
A. R.; Kneiske, T.; Knödlseder, J.; Köck, F.; Kodani, K.; Kohri,
K.; Kokkotas, K.; Komin, N.; Konopelko, A.; Kosack, K.; Kossakowski,
R.; Kostka, P.; Kotuła, J.; Kowal, G.; Kozioł, J.; Krähenbühl,
T.; Krause, J.; Krawczynski, H.; Krennrich, F.; Kretzschmann, A.;
Kubo, H.; Kudryavtsev, V. A.; Kushida, J.; La Barbera, N.; La Parola,
V.; La Rosa, G.; López, A.; Lamanna, G.; Laporte, P.; Lavalley, C.;
Le Flour, T.; Le Padellec, A.; Lenain, J. -P.; Lessio, L.; Lieunard,
B.; Lindfors, E.; Liolios, A.; Lohse, T.; Lombardi, S.; Lopatin,
A.; Lorenz, E.; Lubiński, P.; Luz, O.; Lyard, E.; Maccarone, M. C.;
Maccarone, T.; Maier, G.; Majumdar, P.; Maltezos, S.; Małkiewicz,
P.; Mañá, C.; Manalaysay, A.; Maneva, G.; Mangano, A.; Manigot,
P.; Marín, J.; Mariotti, M.; Markoff, S.; Martínez, G.; Martínez,
M.; Mastichiadis, A.; Matsumoto, H.; Mattiazzo, S.; Mazin, D.; McComb,
T. J. L.; McCubbin, N.; McHardy, I.; Medina, C.; Melkumyan, D.; Mendes,
A.; Mertsch, P.; Meucci, M.; Michałowski, J.; Micolon, P.; Mineo,
T.; Mirabal, N.; Mirabel, F.; Miranda, J. M.; Mirzoyan, R.; Mizuno,
T.; Moal, B.; Moderski, R.; Molinari, E.; Monteiro, I.; Moralejo, A.;
Morello, C.; Mori, K.; Motta, G.; Mottez, F.; Moulin, E.; Mukherjee,
R.; Munar, P.; Muraishi, H.; Murase, K.; Murphy, A. Stj.; Nagataki,
S.; Naito, T.; Nakamori, T.; Nakayama, K.; Naumann, C.; Naumann, D.;
Nayman, P.; Nedbal, D.; Niedźwiecki, A.; Niemiec, J.; Nikolaidis,
A.; Nishijima, K.; Nolan, S. J.; Nowak, N.; O'Brien, P. T.; Ochoa,
I.; Ohira, Y.; Ohishi, M.; Ohka, H.; Okumura, A.; Olivetto, C.; Ong,
R. A.; Orito, R.; Orr, M.; Osborne, J. P.; Ostrowski, M.; Otero, L.;
Otte, A. N.; Ovcharov, E.; Oya, I.; Oziȩbło, A.; Paiano, S.; Pallota,
J.; Panazol, J. L.; Paneque, D.; Panter, M.; Paoletti, R.; Papyan,
G.; Paredes, J. M.; Pareschi, G.; Parsons, R. D.; Paz Arribas, M.;
Pedaletti, G.; Pepato, A.; Persic, M.; Petrucci, P. O.; Peyaud,
B.; Piechocki, W.; Pita, S.; Pivato, G.; Płatos, Ł.; Platzer,
R.; Pogosyan, L.; Pohl, M.; Pojmański, G.; Ponz, J. D.; Potter,
W.; Prandini, E.; Preece, R.; Prokoph, H.; Pühlhofer, G.; Punch,
M.; Quel, E.; Quirrenbach, A.; Rajda, P.; Rando, R.; Rataj, M.;
Raue, M.; Reimann, C.; Reimann, O.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Renaud,
M.; Renner, S.; Reymond, J. -M.; Rhode, W.; Ribó, M.; Ribordy,
M.; Rico, J.; Rieger, F.; Ringegni, P.; Ripken, J.; Ristori, P.;
Rivoire, S.; Rob, L.; Rodriguez, S.; Roeser, U.; Romano, P.; Romero,
G. E.; Rosier-Lees, S.; Rovero, A. C.; Roy, F.; Royer, S.; Rudak, B.;
Rulten, C. B.; Ruppel, J.; Russo, F.; Ryde, F.; Sacco, B.; Saggion, A.;
Sahakian, V.; Saito, K.; Saito, T.; Sakaki, N.; Salazar, E.; Salini,
A.; Sánchez, F.; Sánchez Conde, M. Á.; Santangelo, A.; Santos,
E. M.; Sanuy, A.; Sapozhnikov, L.; Sarkar, S.; Scalzotto, V.; Scapin,
V.; Scarcioffolo, M.; Schanz, T.; Schlenstedt, S.; Schlickeiser, R.;
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Bibcode: 2011ExA....32..193A
Altcode: 2011ExA...tmp..121A; 2010arXiv1008.3703C
Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has had a major breakthrough with
the impressive results obtained using systems of imaging atmospheric
Cherenkov telescopes. Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has a huge
potential in astrophysics, particle physics and cosmology. CTA is
an international initiative to build the next generation instrument,
with a factor of 5-10 improvement in sensitivity in the 100 GeV-10 TeV
range and the extension to energies well below 100 GeV and above 100
TeV. CTA will consist of two arrays (one in the north, one in the south)
for full sky coverage and will be operated as open observatory. The
design of CTA is based on currently available technology. This document
reports on the status and presents the major design concepts of CTA.
Title: Gravitational redshifts in main-sequence and giant stars
Authors: Pasquini, L.; Melo, C.; Chavero, C.; Dravins, D.; Ludwig,
H. -G.; Bonifacio, P.; de La Reza, R.
Bibcode: 2011A&A...526A.127P
Altcode: 2010arXiv1011.4635P
Context. Precise analyses of stellar radial velocities is able to
reveal intrinsic causes of the wavelength shifts of spectral lines
(other than Doppler shifts due to radial motion), such as gravitational
redshifts and convective blueshifts.
Aims: Gravitational
redshifts in solar-type main-sequence stars are expected to be some
500 m s-1 greater than those in giants. We search for this
difference in redshifts among groups of open-cluster stars that share
the same average space motion and thus have the same average Doppler
shift.
Methods: We observed 144 main-sequence stars and cool
giants in the M 67 open cluster using the ESO FEROS spectrograph and
obtained radial velocities by means of cross-correlation with a spectral
template. Binaries and doubtful members were not analyzed, and average
spectra were created for different classes of stars.
Results:
The M 67 dwarf and giant radial-velocity distributions are each well
represented by Gaussian functions, which share the same apparent average
radial velocity to within ≃100 m s-1. In addition, dwarfs
in M 67 appear to be dynamically hotter (σ = 0.90 km s-1)
than giants (σ = 0.68 km s-1).
Conclusions: We fail
to detect any difference in the gravitational redshifts of giants and
MS stars. This is probably because of the differential wavelength
shifts produced by the different hydrodynamics of dwarf and giant
atmospheres. Radial-velocity differences measured between unblended
lines in averaged spectra vary with line-strength: stronger lines
are more blueshifted in dwarfs than in giants, apparently removing
any effect of the gravitational redshift. Synthetic high-resolution
spectra are computed from three dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model
atmospheres for both giants and dwarfs, and synthetic wavelength
shifts obtained. In agreement with observations, 3D models predict
substantially smaller wavelength-shift differences than expected from
gravitational redshifts only. The procedures developed could be used
to test 3D models for different classes of stars, but will ultimately
require high-fidelity spectra for measurements of wavelength shifts in
individual spectral lines.