Author name code: pecker ADS astronomy entries on 2022-09-14 author:"Pecker, Jean-Claude" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Title: With the IAU and inside the IAU since 1946 Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 2019IAUS..349..112P Altcode: In this presentation the author narrates some key episodes of his life of serving the IAU for more than seventy years. Title: The local contribution to the microwave background radiation Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude; Narlikar, Jayant V.; Ochsenbein, Francois; Wickramasinghe, Chandra Bibcode: 2015RAA....15..461P Altcode: The observed microwave background radiation (MBR) is commonly interpreted as the relic of an early hot universe, and its observed features (spectrum and anisotropy) are explained in terms of properties of the early universe. Here we describe a complementary, even possibly alternative, interpretation of MBR, first proposed in the early 20th century, and adapt it to modern observations. For example, the stellar Hipparcos data show that the energy density of starlight from the Milky Way, if suitably thermalized, yields a temperature of ∼2.81 K. This and other arguments given here strongly suggest that the origin of MBR may lie, at least in a very large part, in re-radiation of thermalized galactic starlight. The strengths and weaknesses of this alternative radical explanation are discussed. Title: Paul couteau (1923-2014) Authors: Pecker, J. C.; Bonneau, D.; Durand, P.; Gili, R.; Soulié, E.; Thorel, J. C. Bibcode: 2014O&T....83...32P Altcode: Fascinated by astronomy in adolescence, Paul Couteau made solid literary studies up to bachelor and then scientific studies. He prepares his doctoral dissertation on the white dwarfs under the supervision of Evry Schatzman. In 1951, he becomes an assistant astronomer at the Nice Observatory. Robert Jonckheere gives him a practical training as an observer of visual double stars (VDS). From that epoch, he started to accumulate measures. In 1961, he spends six months at the Yerkes Observatory with George Van Biesbroeck. From 1963 to 1969, he directs the renovation of the large refractor at the Nice Observatory. He chairs the Double Stars (DS) Commission of the IAU and, in 1969, he organizes an international symposium on DS. Having undertaken a sky survey, he accumulates discoveries of VDS. By the numbers of his measurements and of his discoveries, he is the eighth observer of history of DS. Laureate of the Janssen prize of SAF, Paul Couteau is also a teacher and a writer, who published five books. Title: Einar Tandberg-Hanssen Authors: Schmieder, Brigitte; Pecker, Jean-Claude; Gary, Allen; Wu, S. T.; Moore, Ronald; Biesmann, Else Bibcode: 2014IAUS..300....4S Altcode: I would like to report first on the scientific career of Einar Tandberg-Hanssen: how he became a Solar Physicist particularly interested in prominences. In the second part of my talk I will show what he brought to the French community from the science perspective. Title: The Influence of the Active Sun on the Climatic Perturbations Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 2012POBeo..91..347P Altcode: The particles of the solar wind and those emerging from solar active regions do not carry enough energy to influence the global climate of the Earth; but they may influence, through their geomagnetic effects, the perturbations of the climate w.r. to its global behaviour, as demonstrated by using the relations between solar activity and precipitation rates. That remark leads naturally to ask a more general question: is the changing geomagnetic field influencing the climatic perturbations? Title: Current Issues in Cosmology Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude; Narlikar, Jayant Bibcode: 2011cic..book.....P Altcode: Part I. Observational Facts Relating to Discrete Sources: 1. The state of cosmology G. Burbidge; 2. The redshifts of galaxies and QSOs E. M. Burbidge and G. Burbidge; 3. Accretion discs in quasars J. Sulentic; Part II. Observational Facts Relating to Background Radiation: 4. CMB observations and consequences F. Bouchet; 5. Abundances of light nuclei K. Olive; 6. Evidence for an accelerating universe or lack of A. Blanchard; Part III. Standard Cosmology: 7. Cosmology, an overview of the standard model F. Bernardeau; 8. What are the building blocks of our universe? K. C. Wali; Part IV. Large-Scale Structure: 9. Observations of large-scale structure V. de Lapparent; 10. Reconstruction of large-scale peculiar velocity fields R. Mohayaee, B. Tully and U. Frisch; Part V. Alternative Cosmologies: 11. The quasi-steady state cosmology J. V. Narlikar; 12. Evidence for iron whiskers in the universe N. C. Wickramasinghe; 13. Alternatives to dark matter: MOND + Mach D. Roscoe; 14. Anthropic principle in cosmology B. Carter; Part VI. Evidence for Anomalous Redshifts: 15. Anomalous redshifts H. C. Arp; 16. Redshifts of galaxies and QSOs: the problem of redshift periodicities G. Burbidge; 17. Statistics of redshift periodicities W. Napier; 18. Local abnormal redshifts J.-C. Pecker; 19. Gravitational lensing and anomalous redshifts J. Surdej, J.-F. Claeskens and D. Sluse; Panel discussion; General discussion; Concluding remarks. Title: Camille Flammarion's observatory: towards a revival Authors: Morel, P.; Pecker, J. C.; Flammarion, A.; Fuentes, P.; Stépanoff, C. A.; Sol, R.; Dufour, G.; Chaufour, R.; Goury-Laffont, J. Bibcode: 2011IAUS..260E..35M Altcode: Camille Flammarion's observatory, located in Juvisy-sur-Orge in the suburbs of Paris, has been idle since 1962. Property of the Société Astronomique de France (SAF), it was made available to the city of Juvisy-sur-Orge since 1971, and contains a unique collection of objects and books currently being sorted out. The observatory is being restored by the SAF, thanks to the support of the city of Juvisy-sur-Orge, the French Académie des Sciences and the ``Amis de Camille Flammarion'' association. In 2006, the Maxime Goury Laffont foundation funded the refurbishment of the 240 mm refractor and in 2007 funds were obtained to restore the dome and central building. The main aim of the project is to make this historical place a popular observatory dedicated to astronomy and the sciences which Camille Flammarion enjoyed and contributed to. It constitutes a unique example in France of synergies linking associations, municipality, regional- and national-level institutions. Title: The Local Contribution to the Microwave Background Radiation(MBR) Authors: Narlikar, Jayant V.; Pecker, Jean-Claude; Wickramasinghe, N. Ch. Bibcode: 2010vaoa.conf..259N Altcode: In the early fifties, from the early theories of the big bang universe, Gamow, Alpher & Herman have predicted the existence of a "cosmological" microwave background radiation, corresponding to a black body of a few Kelvins. When, in 1964, Penzias & Wilson, observed a radiation at 2.7K, the scientific world concluded quickly it was a proof, a final proof, of the big bang type cosmologies. But it should be realized that, in the beginning of the XX-th century, several authors, from Guillaume to Eddington, have predicted the same thing in a static Universe. We have redone the calculations of Eddington, and based them on the recent and very accurate photometric results from the satellite Hipparcos. In the absence of any expansion, of any big bang type behaviour, we compute the local temperature induced by the reradiation by local matter of stellar radiation, and we found it to be in excellent agreement with the observations. This result, completed by a careful discussion, could lead to a dramatic revision of the classical cosmological concepts. Title: Book Review: Un astronome des lumières. Jerôme Lalande - Lettres &agrave: Mme Du Pierry at au juge Honoré Flaugergues (Dumont and Pecker) Authors: Brosche, Peter; Dumont, Simone; Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 2008AcHA...36..300B Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: In memoriam : Pierre Bacchus Title: In memoriam : Pierre Bacchus Title: In memoriam : Pierre Bacchus Authors: Dommanget, J.; Durand, P.; Pecker, J. C.; Savoie, D.; Soulié, E. Bibcode: 2007O&T....67...45D Altcode: An astronomer's life mainly devoted to double star astronomy Title: Current Issues in Cosmology Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude; Narlikar, Jayant Bibcode: 2006cic..book.....P Altcode: Part I. Observational Facts Relating to Discrete Sources: 1. The state of cosmology G. Burbidge; 2. The redshifts of galaxies and QSOs E. M. Burbidge and G. Burbidge; 3. Accretion discs in quasars J. Sulentic; Part II. Observational Facts Relating to Background Radiation: 4. CMB observations and consequences F. Bouchet; 5. Abundances of light nuclei K. Olive; 6. Evidence for an accelerating universe or lack of A. Blanchard; Part III. Standard Cosmology: 7. Cosmology, an overview of the standard model F. Bernardeau; 8. What are the building blocks of our universe? K. C. Wali; Part IV. Large-Scale Structure: 9. Observations of large-scale structure V. de Lapparent; 10. Reconstruction of large-scale peculiar velocity fields R. Mohayaee, B. Tully and U. Frisch; Part V. Alternative Cosmologies: 11. The quasi-steady state cosmology J. V. Narlikar; 12. Evidence for iron whiskers in the universe N. C. Wickramasinghe; 13. Alternatives to dark matter: MOND + Mach D. Roscoe; 14. Anthropic principle in cosmology B. Carter; Part VI. Evidence for Anomalous Redshifts: 15. Anomalous redshifts H. C. Arp; 16. Redshifts of galaxies and QSOs: the problem of redshift periodicities G. Burbidge; 17. Statistics of redshift periodicities W. Napier; 18. Local abnormal redshifts J.-C. Pecker; 19. Gravitational lensing and anomalous redshifts J. Surdej, J.-F. Claeskens and D. Sluse; Panel discussion; General discussion; Concluding remarks. Title: Preface (Current issues in cosmology) Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude; Narlikar, Jayant Bibcode: 2006cic..bookD...9P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Local abnormal redshifts Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 2006cic..book..217P Altcode: Observations of "abnormal" (non-Dopplerian) redshifts in the spectrum of nearby sources (the Sun, binary stars, close-by galaxies in groups), and of "abnormal light deflection in the vicinity of the Sun," are presented. Emphasis is given on the need of reconsidering the observations, which have not been seriously considered since the 1970. During the early 1970s, Chip Arp started discovering several cases of "abnormal" (i.e., non-Dopplerian) redshifts in the spectra of extragalactic objects. It is one of the most important observational discoveries of our times, in my opinion. At about the same time, I became interested in the abnormal redshifts found in the spectrum of the Sun. J.-P. Vigier, at the same time, was involved in understanding the nature of the photon, along the lines defined by Louis de Broglie, and he did not accept the idea of a zero rest-mass of the photon. We put our efforts together, and we tried to link the abnormal redshifts observed in the local, nearby, universe as consequences of some "tired-light" mechanism, closely linked with the rest-mass of the photon, which we assumed to be a "non-zero restmass," without actually knowing anything else but an upper value of this rest-mass. I feel it is a need today to remind the audience of these local, solar and others, abnormal redshifts, although they were mentioned extensively several years ago, but they were neither properly confirmed nor really accounted for. Almost all relevant references can be found in our review paper (Pecker 1977). Title: Stellar and extragalactic radiation at the Earth's surface. Authors: Pecker, J. -C.; Narlikar, J. V. Bibcode: 2006JApA...27....1P Altcode: Reviving a calculation made by Eddington in the 1920s, and using the most recent and comprehensive databases available on stars and galaxies, including more than 2,500,000 stars and around 20,000 galaxies we have computed their total radiation received at the Earth just outside its atmosphere. This radiation density, if thermalized, would be equivalent to a temperature of 4.212 K. The comparability of this temperature to that of the cosmic microwave background (2.723 K) may either be a pure coincidence or may hold a key to some as yet unknown, aspect of the universe. Title: De Versailles à Bilderberg, le soleil infrarouge Authors: Pecker, J. Bibcode: 2006via..conf..375P Altcode: After recalling the needs for the study of the Sun, as they appeared in the 1960s, the beginning of space research in France and the birth of the "Programme de Versailles (1957)" are evoked. This extension of the observed spectrum, and the complementary aspects of ultraviolet and infrared data, led to a general agreed reference model, the "Bilderberg model" (1967). Infrared research then expanded quickly. This period had seen the development of the carrier of our friend Pierre Léna, a path which began with solar infrared astronomy. Title: Premiers développements de l'astronomie spatiale en France : l'ultra-violet, (et l'infrarouge) Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 2001ESASP.472...51P Altcode: 2001pesp.conf...51P No abstract at ADS Title: Understanding the heavens : thirty centuries of astronomical ideas from ancient thinking to modern cosmology Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude; Kaufman, Susan Bibcode: 2001uhtc.book.....P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Le Point sur... Astronomie IV Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 2001lpsa....4.....P Altcode: Cet ouvrage regroupe des articles de mise au point sollicités par le rédacteur en chef de la rubrique Astronomie des Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Les textes se proposent de faire découvrir aux lecteurs, dans les principales disciplines de l'astronomie, les résultats les plus remarquables des dernières années.Leurs auteurs sont des spécialistes participant activement à l'accroissement des connaissances dans des domaines faisant l'objet de recherches intensives. Ces mises au point sur des questions particulièrement importantes de l'astronomie sont rédigées soit en français, soit en anglais et accompagnées d'une bibliographie détaillée. Title: Le Point sur... Astronomie III Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 2001lpsa....3.....P Altcode: Ce fascicule contient l'ensemble des textes du débat sur la cosmologie du big-bang entre Joseph Silk, Jayant V. Narlikar, arbitrés par Jean-Claude Pecker. Il regroupe également des articles de mise au point sollicités par le rédacteur en chef de la rubrique Astronomie des Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Les textes se proposent de faire découvrir aux lecteurs, dans les principales disciplines de l'astronomie, les résultats les plus remarquables des dernières années. Ces mises au point sur des questions particulièrement importantes de l'astronomie sont rédigées soit en francais, soit en anglais et accompagnèes d'une bibliographie dètaillèe. Title: Petit compte rendu du congres de l'UAI en aout a Manchester. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 2000JAF....62...36P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: A major debate: the Big Bang cosmology. VI. Conclusion. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1999CRASB.327..861P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: A major debate: the Big Bang cosmology. I. Introduction. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1999CRASB.327..826P Altcode: 1999CR2...327..825P No abstract at ADS Title: Jean Coulomb (1904 - 1998). Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1999LAstr.113..192P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: SOLAR RESEARCH FROM SCHIZOPHRENIA TO UNITY - (Special Historical Review) Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1999SoPh..184....1P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Roger Bonnet - The Early Years Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1998ESASP.431....7P Altcode: 1998sslt.conf....7P No abstract at ADS Title: Elizabeth Nesme-Ribes, 11 September 1942 - 1996. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1998LAstr.112...61P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Remembering Edith ALICE Mueller Authors: Appenzeller, I.; Chmielewski, Y.; Pecker, J. -C.; de La Reza, R.; Tammann, G.; Wayman, P. Bibcode: 1998ASSL..222.....A Altcode: 1998ream.conf.....A No abstract at ADS Title: Jérôme de Lalande and international cooperation Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1998AcHA....3...52P Altcode: At the age of twenty, Lalande, from Berlin, together with La Caille, from the Cape of Good Hope, detemined the Moons parallax (1751-1752). It was indeed an international operation which involved some planning in Europe an countries and some local support in Prussia, in England, at the Cape ... Later, Lalande was instrumental in organizing and analysing the observations of the transit of Venus, in June 1761 and June 1769, all over the World, in order to determine the parallax of the Sun. Still later, he was a key figure in the organization, around F.-X. von Zach, of the first International Astronomical meeting in Gotha (1798). Title: From Zürich to the IAU... Laughs and duties Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1998ASSL..222...28P Altcode: 1998ream.conf...28P No abstract at ADS Title: Some Critiques of the Big Bang Cosmology Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1997JApA...18..323P Altcode: Still more shocking than the metaphysical assumption of some initial singularity, is the constant insistence upon the so-called cosmological principle of "homogeneity" and "isotropy" of the Universe. Observations do contradict this principle. And to me, the inhomogeneous, fractal at least on a certain scale range, of the distribution of matter is in itself an important cosmological fact, hitherto almost neglected. Moreover difficultties as to the applicability of the second principle of thermodynamics, observations of abnormal redshifts, etc., are casting large doubts not only upon the standard cosmological models, but even on the interpretation of the observed redshift as due solely to a universal expansion. Title: Questions and Comments that followed the Panel Discussion Authors: Narlikar, J. V.; Padmanabhan, T.; Burbidge, Geoff; Arp, H. C.; Cowsik, R.; Chokshi, Arati; Pecker, J. C.; Souradeep, Tarun; Pasupathy; Godbole, Rohini; Gopal-Krishna; Cowsik, R.; Roscoe, D. F.; Mukunda, N. Bibcode: 1997JApA...18..477N Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Renée Canavaggia, 9 May 1902 - 1996. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1997JAF....55....1P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Éditorial Authors: Pecker, J. Bibcode: 1997CRASB.324..589P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: The Effects of Non-Sphericity in Diagnosis of Solar and Stellar Atmospheres Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1996SoPh..169..277P Altcode: Between the interplanetary medium, filled by winds, magnetic structures, etc., and the interior of stars, opaque, and dominated heavily by the gravitational spherical field, the stellar atmosphere is a place where the true physical equilibrium, on the inside, sufficiently described by the parameters L, M, R, and the chemical composition X, Y, Z, is progressively changing into a situation far for equilibrium, which needs many more parameters to be properly described. Title: The Changing Sun, Our Star (Invited Paper) Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1996RMxAC...4...39P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: François Roddier received the Médaille Janssen 1995. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1996LAstr.110..201P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Book reviews Authors: Humphreys, R. M.; Kemp, S.; Savonije, G.; van der Hucht, K. A.; van der Kruit, P. C.; Miley, G.; Bumba, V.; van Nieuwkoop, J.; van Hoolst, T.; Cox, A.; Rutten, R. J.; Kleczek, J.; de Jager, Cornelis; Jerzykiewicz, M.; Zwaan, C.; Poedts, S.; Sakai, Jun-Ichi; Pecker, J. -C.; Heikkila, W.; de Jong, T.; Wilson, P. R.; Müller, E. A.; Hoyng, P.; Icke, V.; Shore, S. N.; Achterberg, A.; Lucchin, F.; Butcher, H.; Ne'Eman, Y.; Heidmann, J.; Belton, M. J. S.; de Graauw, Th.; Waters, L. B. F. M.; Pacini, F.; Hultqvist, B.; Akasofu, S. -I.; Vial, J. -C.; Schatzman, E.; van der Laan, H.; Cole, K. D.; Vanbeveren, D.; Southwood, D.; van der Klis, M.; Katgert, Peter Bibcode: 1996SSRv...76..339H Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Hervé Fabre, 27 November 1905 - 1995. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1996JAF....50....4P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: En souvenir de Philippe Delache (8 octobre 1937 - 1994) Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1995JAF....48....4P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Hommage à François Arago. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1994LAstr.108..336P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: The sun: A synoptic view Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1994VA.....38..111P Altcode: Certain ideas emerge from modern developments in solar studies: (a) the distinction between the quiet and active Sun is misleading and obsolete; (b) the theoretical treatment of the Sun as an isotropic sphere, without magnetism, is obviously not valid; (c) multilayer active phenomena are more important as proxies for deeper phenomena than per se; (d) the solar magnetic cycle cannot be described only by the level of activity, but with the consideration of migrations of activity. Moreover, the bipolar phase of its evolution and its toroidal phase have different consequences. These points emerge with a systematic look at each of the four parts of this paper, dealing with: (1) The Sun as a variable star (irradiance, radius, neutrino flux). (2) The coupling between rotation, magnetism, convection. (3) The active phenomena in the solar outer layers. (4) The solar cycle and migrations. The conclusion is naturally oriented towards the development of more observations, both on the ground, coordinated over the Earth, and in space, using several types of satellites. Title: The Sun today. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1994LNP...432....3P Altcode: 1994LNPM...11....3P A few ideas emerge from modern developments: (a) the distinction between the quiet and active Sun is misleading and obsolete; (b) the theoretical treatment of the Sun as an isotropic sphere, without magnetism, is obviously not valid; (c) multilayer active phenomena are important as proxies for deeper phenomena more than per se; (d) the solar cycle cannot be described simply by the level of activity, but it needs a consideration of the latitudinal migrations of activity. These points emerge following a systematic look at each of the four parts of this paper: 1) The Sun as a variable star (irradiance, radius, neutrino flux). 2) The coupling between rotation, magnetism, convection. 3) The active phenomena in outer layers. 4) The solar cycle and migrations. The conclusion is naturally oriented towards the development of more complete observations, both on the ground, coordinated over the Earth, and in space, using multiple satellites. Title: Concerning various types of solar forcing and their effects Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1994seit.conf..403P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Jan Hendrik Oort, 28 avril 1900 - 05 novembre 1992. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1993LAstr.107...60P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: La vie et l'œvre de Jan Hendrik Oort (1900 - 1992). Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1993CRASG..10..535P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Cataclysmic variables and related objects Authors: Hack, Margherita; Ladous, Constanze; Jordan, Stuart D.; Thomas, Richard N.; Goldberg, Leo; Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1993NASSP.507.....H Altcode: 1993cvro.nasa.....H; 1993QB835.H27...... No abstract at ADS Title: Structure and Physics of Solar Faculae - Part Five Authors: Pecker, J. -C.; Dumont, S.; Mouradian, Z. Bibcode: 1992SoPh..138..213P Altcode: Taking into account the effect of roughness (or local departures from sphericity) of the emitting layers in the chromosphere-corona transition zone (CCT) allows one to determine the optical depths of layers responsible for resolved structures in CII, CIII, OIV, and OVI lines. The result, at the `top' of the irregularities, is of the order of respectively τ1 ≥ 3.5,2.0, 1.6,0.5, and for the `bottom' of these irregularities, τ2 = 0.7, 0.4, 0.3, 0.25. The characteristic angle of these irregularities is, respectively, of the order of 35 °, 33 °, 35 °, and 41 °. For unresolved structures of CIV and OVI (already analyzed in the spherical symmetry hypothesis in Paper III), one finds τ1 ≈ 0.6; 0.9 and τ2 ≈ 0.12; 0.2 in the case of quiet areas; in the case of active areas, the range is broader for CIV and OVI, from 1.0 to 1.7 for τ1 and from 0.2 to 0.9 for τ2. The values obtained from OVI are in reasonable agreement with each other for resolved and unresolved structures. And the obtained values of τ1 and τ2 correspond not too badly with the determinations made in Paper III, by methods not exceedingly influenced by the spherical symmetry hypothesis. Title: Le promeneur du ciel Authors: Pecker, Jean Claude Bibcode: 1992fos..book.....P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: The future of the sun Authors: Pecker, Jean Claude Bibcode: 1992fots.book.....P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Book reviews Authors: Linssen, P. F. J.; Valníček, B.; Pecker, Jean-Claude; Marov, M. Ya; Abalakin, V. K.; Achterberg, A.; Kuperus, M.; Sterzik, M. Bibcode: 1991SSRv...56..419L Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Book Review: Essays on the trial of Galileo / Specola Vaticana and University of Notre Dame Press, 1989 Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1991SSRv...56..420P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Does a possible laboratory observation of a frequency anisotropy of light result from a non-zero photon mass m? Authors: Narlikar, J. V.; Pecker, J. C.; Vigier, J. P. Bibcode: 1991PhLA..154..203N Altcode: Assuming a priori the existence of a non-zero photon rest-mass mγ>0 and justifying this assumption, we can predict the existence of an anisotropy in velocity and frequency of light in the direction of the apex of the 3 K background cosmic radiation field. Since this frequency shift can now be tested in the laboratory, it is important to improve the precision of these measurements in order to check our predictions. Its possible confirmation implies indeed the definition of an absolute evolution parameter in the rest frame Σ0 of this 3 K background microwave radiation. Title: Some consequences of a spatially varying cosmological constant in a spherically symmetric distribution of matter. Authors: Narlikar, J. V.; Pecker, J. -C.; Vigier, J. -P. Bibcode: 1991JApA...12....7N Altcode: This paper investigates the effects of the spatial variation of the cosmological constant Λ on the spacetime geometry within and outside a massive object. It is seen that the variation of Λ with the radial coordinate introduces non-trivial changes leading to spacetime closing on itself around a massive object. It may also be possible to generate interior solutions that lead to flat rotation curves of galaxies. Title: The search for valid theories of the universe Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1991MmSAI..62..499P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: The global Sun. Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1991sia..book....1P Altcode: After a definition of the various terms used to identify the solar layers, from the center to the exterior, and a physical description of these layers, the author shows that various couplings are controlling the physics in the core and the outer layers, and even the planets. One of these couplings is between convection, rotation and magnetism (the dynamo), and another coupling is between solar activity and planetary physics. These couplings allow to use observed data (oscillations, neutrinos, emergence of active regions, and of course their evolution) to infer properties of the solar interior. The theoretical knowledge of the Sun must take into account the existence of these couplings, as well as the existence of another type of coupling, the one that links the past and the present states of our Sun. Title: The effect of roughening on the determination of the chemical composition of sun and stars Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude; Zimba, Jason R. Bibcode: 1990CRASB.311...83P Altcode: 1990CRASM.311...83P When solar and stellar line equivalent widths are used to determine chemical composition, the assumption of a plane-parallel or, in any case, of a spherical atmospheric structure is usually made. But in the solar atmosphere, and presumably in the atmospheres of many other stars, there are granulation effects which acts to cause a 'roughening'in the iso-tau layers. Such an optical roughening could have an effect upon equivalent widths; if this effect were found to be large, present abundance estimates would be called into question. A calculation which makes use of a phenomenological model of the roughening shows, however, that the effects are small. They very well could be larger in the case of supergiants; but then another model should be used to treat the problem properly. Title: Closing Remarks: Astronomical Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1990RSPTA.330..683P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: On the Effect of `Roughening' upon Chemical Abundance Determinations in the Sun and Stars Authors: Pecker, J. -C.; Zimba, J. R. Bibcode: 1990BAAS...22..810P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Public Misconceptions about Astronomy Authors: Acker, A.; Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1990teas.conf..229A Altcode: 1990IAUCo.105..229A No abstract at ADS Title: André Danjon et l'Astrophysique Théorique. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1990srst.conf...15P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Introduction Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1990ASSL..159....1P Altcode: 1990insu.conf....1P; 1990IAUCo.121....1P No abstract at ADS Title: The Earth's climate and variability of the Sun over recent millennia: Introductory remarks. Authors: Pecker, J. -C.; Runcorn, S. K. Bibcode: 1990ecvs.conf..399P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: The Earth's climate and variability of the Sun over recent millennia: geophysical, astronomical and archaeological aspects. Proceedings. Authors: Pecker, J. -C.; Runcorn, S. K. Bibcode: 1990ecvs.conf.....P Altcode: First published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A, Vol. 330, No. 1615, p. 395 - 687 (24 Apr 1990). Title: Book-Review - 10TH European Regional Astronomical Meeting - Prague - 1987AUG Authors: Perek, L.; Hejna, L.; Sobotka, M.; Ceplecha, Z.; Pecina, P.; Sidlichovsky, M.; Palous, J.; Harmanec, P.; Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1989BAICz..40..196P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Book-Review - Cosmic Understanding Philosophy and Science of the Universe Authors: Munitz, M. K.; Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1989SSRv...50..388M Altcode: 1989IAUCo.107..388M No abstract at ADS Title: Book reviews Authors: Marov, M. Ya; Garmany, C. D.; Heck, André; Schadee, A.; McNally, D.; van der Kruit, P. C.; Pecker, J. -C.; de Jager, Cornelis; Somov, B. V. Bibcode: 1989SSRv...50..385M Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Brefs propos sur la culture scientifique. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1989JAF....35....2P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Cosmology Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1989gadv.book..273P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: The impact of astronomy on the development of western science Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1989cp...book...51P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: FGK stars and T Tauri stars Authors: Cram, Lawrence E.; Kuhi, Leonard V.; Jordan, Stuart; Thomas, Richard; Goldberg, Leo; Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1989NASSP.502.....C Altcode: 1989QB843.C6C73....; 1989fstt.book.....C The purpose of this book, FGK Stars and T Tauri Stars, like all other volumes of this series, is to exhibit and describe the best space data and ground based data currently available, and also to describe and critically evaluate the status of current theoretical models and physical mechanisms that have been proposed to interpret these data. The method for obtaining this book was to collect manuscripts from competent volunteer authors, and then to collate and edit these contributions to form a well structured book, which will be distributed to an international community of research astronomers by NASA and by the French CNRS. Title: The Sun, an ideal laboratory for the modelist? Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1989mse..proc..165P Altcode: Evolutionary trends in constructing laboratory models of the sun have historically followed two different paths. One was to study the sun by itself without reference to other similar objects. The second method was the technique of solar analogs. These modeling trends, from the 17th century to the present, are reviewed. Title: Victor Ambartsumian and the IAU Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1988Ap.....29..409P Altcode: 1989Ap.....29..409P No abstract at ADS Title: The center-to-limb variation on solar chromospheric and transition lines, and the effect of roughness of emitting layers Authors: Pecker, J. -C.; Dumont, S.; Mouradian, Z. Bibcode: 1988A&A...196..269P Altcode: The effect of roughness of the emitting layers is computed in the case where the optical depth is small, both in cases of resolved structures and of unresolved structures. The geometry of the emitting layers is schematized by parameters, mostly the "angle" representative of the "grooves" or of the "spikes", and the ratio between the optical depth of the "valleys" and of the "hills". The effect of these various parameters on the center-to-limb behaviour of computed spectral lines is discussed. The method for determining these parameters from the observed data is outlined; examples will be given in forthcoming publications. Title: New vistas on the solar activity cycle Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1988IrAJ...18..133P Altcode: After a short introduction about the main new progress in solar physics and the change of point of view it is leading to, special attention is devoted to the empirical knowledge recently acquired concerning the development of solar activity during "cycles" (or "migrations"), and the inference with respect to the solar machine in which rotation, magnetism, and convection are coupled in a complex way. Title: How to describe physical reality? Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1988Apei....2....1P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: A possible tired-light mechanism. Authors: Pecker, J. -C.; Vigier, J. -P. Bibcode: 1988Apei....2...13P Altcode: Recent developments in physics and astrophysics lead one to introduce a new tired-light mechanism involving an interaction between a massive photon and Dirac's vacuum particles. Title: L'astronomie AU College de France Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1988IAUS..133....5P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: O stars and Wolf-Rayet stars Authors: Conti, Peter S.; Underhill, Anne B.; Jordan, Stuart; Thomas, Richard N.; Goldberg, Leo; Pecker, Jean-Claude; Baade, D.; Divan, L.; Garmany, C. D.; Henrichs, H. F.; Kudritzki, R. P.; Pauldrach, A.; Prévot-Burnichon, M. -L.; Puls, J. Bibcode: 1988NASSP.497.....C Altcode: 1988oswr.book.....C Basic information is given about O and Wolf-Rayet stars indicating how these stars are defined and what their chief observable properties are. Part 2 of the volume discussed four related themes pertaining to the hottest and most luminous stars. Presented are: an observational overview of the spectroscopic classification and extrinsic properties of O and Wolf-Rayet stars; the intrinsic parameters of luminosity, effective temperature, mass, and composition of the stars, and a discussion of their viability; stellar wind properties; and the related issues concerning the efforts of stellar radiation and wind on the immediate interstellar environment are presented.

Contents: Perspective (R. N. Thomas).Part I. Introduction (L. Divan, M.-L. Prévot-Burnichon).1. Introducing the O and Wolf-Rayet stars.Part II. One perspective on O, Of, and Wolf-Rayet stars emphasizing winds and mass loss, with remarks on environment and evolution:2. Overview of O, Of, and Wolf-Rayet populations (P. S. Conti). 3. Intrinsic stellar parameters (P. S. Conti, D. Baade). 4. Stellar winds: (a) Introduction (P. S. Conti). (b) Mass loss from O stars (C. D. Garmany). (c) Mass loss in Wolf-Rayetstars (P. S. Conti). (d) Radiation-driven winds of hot luminous stars (R. P. Kudritzki, A. Pauldrach, J. Puls). (e) Intrinsic variability in ultraviolet spectra of early-type stars: the discrete absorption lines (H. Henrichs). 5. Environments and evolution (P. S. Conti).Part III. Another perspective on O, Of, and Wolf-Rayet stars, emphasizing model atmospheres and possibilities for atmospheric heating (A. B. Underhill): 6. Understanding the O and Wolf-Rayet stars. 7. Model Atmospheres and the theory of spectra for O and Wolf-Rayet stars. 8. The physics of the mantles of hot stars. 9. Summary of processes influencing the spectra of O and Wolf-Rayet stars. Title: Pour comprendre l'univers Authors: Delsemme, A. H.; Pecker, J. -C.; Reeves, H. Bibcode: 1988pclu.book.....D Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Victor Ambartsumian and the I.A.U. Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1988Afz....29....9P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Difficulties of standard cosmologies. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1988nda..conf..295P Altcode: The standard cosmologies do account well for some classical observations; but it is clear that other cosmologies satisfy them as well, or better, at the expense of some ad-hoc constructions. On the other side, ad-hoc constructions must indeed be also introduced to improve the standard cosmologies, in such a way that they satisfy some tests, for which non-standard cosmologies are better suited to the representation of observations. Title: Internal dynamics of the Gum nebula. Authors: Srinivasan, M.; Pecker, J. C.; Pottasch, S. R.; Sahu, K. C. Bibcode: 1987Msngr..50...11S Altcode: 1987Mgr....50...11S The state of knowledge of the Gum Nebula is reviewed, and the results of new observations are reported. Findings made by previous observations are summarized. A new study is reported which found the expansion velocity of the nebula and failed to detect forbidden O III emission in any of the 14 positions observed. None of the H-alpha profiles showed splitting. Title: A Possible Tired-Light Mechanism / Authors: Pecker, J. -C.; Vigier, J. -P. Bibcode: 1987IAUS..124..507P Altcode: Recent developments in physics and astrophysics lead the authors to reintroduce a new tired-light mechanism, implying an interaction between a massive photon and the particles of Dirac's vacuum. Title: L'Observatoire de Juvisy. Authors: Pecker, J. -C.; Pernet, J. Bibcode: 1987LAstr.101..331P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: General Introduction - Protostars and Molecular Clouds Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1987penm.conf....1P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: From Tycho Brahe to Prague 1987: the ever changing universe. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1987PAICz..70....3P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Protostars and molecular clouds. Séminaires organisés dans le cadre de la Chaire d'Astrophysique Théorique duCollège de France, Paris, en février et en mars 1986. Authors: Montmerle, T.; Bertout, C.; Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1987pmcs.book.....M Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Book-Review - James E. Keeler Pioneer American Astrophysicist and the Early Development of American Astrophysics Authors: Osterbrock, D. E.; Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1986SSRv...43..386O Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Book reviews Authors: Kleczek, J.; van Gent, R. H.; Rutten, Robert J.; de Munck, J. C.; Slottje, C.; Severne, G.; Pecker, Jean-Claude; Postma, H.; Grishchuk, L. P.; Niewenhuijzen, H.; Schuiling, R. D.; van Beek, H. F.; Reijnen, G. C. M.; Heidmann, Jean; Lemaire, J.; Bleeker, Johan; Icke, V.; Neéman, Y.; Feast, M. W.; de Graaff, W. Bibcode: 1986SSRv...43..383K Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: A la recherche du coronium. Authors: Laloë, S.; Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1986LAstr.100..175L Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Capire l'astronomia. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1986capi.book.....P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: A la recherche du coronium. Seconde partie. Authors: Laloë, S.; Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1986LAstr.100..227L Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: The M-type stars Authors: Johnson, Hollis Ralph; Querci, Francois R.; Jordan, Stuart; Thomas, Richard; Goldberg, Leo; Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1986NASSP.492.....J Altcode: 1986mts..book.....J; 1986QB843.M16M89... No abstract at ADS Title: Astronomie Flammarion Authors: Pecker, Jean Claude Bibcode: 1985asfl.book.....P Altcode: 1985QB44.2.A849.... No abstract at ADS Title: Le pompage optique naturel dans le milieu astrophysique Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1985AnPh...10..631P Altcode: The title of this lecture abstracts only a part of it : the importance in astrophysics of the study of non-LTE situations has become considerable, as well in the stellar atmospheres as, still more, in the study of fortuitous coincidences as a mechanism of formation of emission line nebular spectra, or of molecular interstellar « masers ». Another part of this talk underlines the role of Kastler in his time, and describes his warm personality through his public reactions in front of the nuclear armement, of the Viet-Nam and Algerian wars, of the problems of political refugees... Kastler was a great scientist ; he was also a courageous humanist. 1976 : Les accords nucléaires du Brésil : allocution d'ouverture (19 mars). Colloque sur le sujet ci-dessus. 1976 : La promotion de la culture dans le nouvel ordre économique international, allocution à l'occasion d'une table ronde sur ce thème par l'UNESCO (23-27 juin 1976) ; « Sciences et Techniques », octobre 1976. 1979 : La bête immonde (avec J.-C. Pecker), « Le Matin », 20 mars. 1979 : Appel à nos ministres (avec J.-C. Pecker), « Le Monde », 13 décembre. 1979 : Le flou, le ténébreux, l'irrationnel (avec J.-C. Pecker), « Le Monde », 14 septembre. 1980 : Education à la paix, Préface, in : Publ. UNESCO. 1981 : Le vrai danger, « Le Monde », 6 août 1981. 1982 : Nucléaire civil et militaire, « Le Monde », 1er juin 1982. 1982 : Les scientifiques face à la perspective d'holocauste nucléaire (texte inédit).

Title: Vistas on stellar-solar atmospheres Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1985AuJPh..38..799P Altcode: An account is given to the development of stellar atmosphere modeling in the direction of greater consistency; the progressive relaxation of stringent hypotheses, such as those of radiation equilibrium, LTE, hydrostatic equilibrium, and plane-parallel geometry, characterizes this evolution. Attention is given to the origin and nature of the concept of 'roughness', or departures from spherical geometry, as well as its recent application in light of Skylab and OSO-8 UV data. An overall coupling between mechanisms which characterize the stellar-solar machinery described is suggested. Title: The redshift distribution law of quasars revisited Authors: Depaquit, S.; Pecker, J. -C.; Vigier, J. -P. Bibcode: 1985AN....306....7D Altcode: Can observational selection effects, tied with the existence of strong lines, explain the observed log(1+z) periodicity of the quasar's histogram, as sometimes claimed? A first approach shows that one must distinguish radio from optical quasars. In the former case spectroscopic selection due to strong lines is investigated from the study of homogeneous samples. Then, the role played by pairs of strong lines in the redshift's determination is evaluated and it shows that the spectroscopic selection cannot explain the observed periodicity of the radio quasar's histogram. The study of the complete sample confirms this conclusion. Title: Astronomie Flammarion, Vols. 1+2. Authors: Rösch, J.; Wlérick, G.; Guibert, J.; Bonnet, R.; Vedrenne, G.; Celnikier, L.; Morando, B.; Boischot, A.; Brahic, A.; Kandel, R.; Dumont, S.; Praderie, F.; Magnan, C.; Gerbaldi, M.; Zahn, J. -P.; Gouguenheim, L.; Bottinelli, L.; Heidmann, N.; Heidmann, J.; Véron, P.; Nottale, L.; Pecker, J. -C.; Golay, M. Bibcode: 1985afv..book.....R Altcode: Contents: L'astronomie à l'œil nu (J. Rösch). L'astronomie optique; de Galilée à la fin du XXe siècle (G. Wlérick). Télescopes et lunettes du XXe siècle (G. Wlérick). La radioastronomie (J. Guibert). L'astronomie spatiale (R. Bonnet). L'astronomie des hautes énergies (G. Vedrenne). L'exploration in situ dumilieu astronomique (L. Celnikier). Le système solaire: généralités (B. Morando). Les planètes telluriques (L. Celnikier). Astéroïdes, comètes et météorites (L. Celnikier). Jupiter (A. Boischot). Le monde de Saturne (A. Brahic). Les confins du système solaire (Uranus, Neptune et Pluton) (A. Brahic). Le Soleil, les planètes, la Terre (R. Kandel). Le Soleil, étoile typique (S. Dumont). Les spectres stellaires: la connaissance des étoiles (F. Praderie). L'interaction des étoiles et du milieu environnant (C. Magnan). La Galaxie: étoiles et matière interstellaire (M. Gerbaldi). L'évolution des étoiles (J.-P. Zahn). Les facteurs de l'évolution galactique (L. Gouguenheim). Forme et classification des galaxies (L. Bottinelli, N. Heidmann). Amas et superamas de galaxies (J. Heidmann). Les quasars (P. Véron). Évolution des galaxies (L. Gouguenheim). Les faits cosmologiques (L. Bottinelli). La cosmologie de la grandeexplosion (L. Nottale). Le débat cosmologique (L. Nottale). Title: The Redshift Distribution Law of Quasars Revisited Authors: Depaquit, S.; Pecker, J. C.; Vigier, J. -P. Bibcode: 1985AN....306Q...7D Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Eine Neudiskussion des Verteilungsgesetzes der Quasar-Rotverschiebungen Authors: Depaquit, S.; Pecker, J. -C.; Vigier, J. -P. Bibcode: 1985AN....306R...7D Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Les oscillations du Soleil et des étoiles. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1984CRASG...1..199P Altcode: Des travaux récents ont attiré l'attention du monde astronomique, en mettant en évidence des oscillations dans l'atmosphère du Soleil et des étoiles. Que des étoiles oscillent, cela n'est pas nouveau: on connaît depuis des décennies le caractère oscillant, pulsatoire, des étoiles du type δ Cephei, ou Céphéides. Mais les oscillations découvertes dans le Soleil et dans α Centauri A sont loin d'être aussi simples: elles ne sont pas {radiales}. Divers harmoniques se superposent les uns aux autres et prennent plus d'importance que l'oscillation fondamentale; pour chacun d'eux, la surface stellaire est un réseau de lignes nodales, non affectées par le mouvement oscillatoire. Certaines de ces oscillations sont commandées par la force de rappel qu'exerce la compression locale des gaz (modes acoustiques); d'autres par celle qu'exercent les forces de gravité (modes de gravité). La distribution d'énergie entre les différents modes et les différents harmoniques est en effet un reflet fidèle de la structure interne de l'étoile. Il est ainsi possible de sonder des milieux jusqu'à présent tout-à-fait inaccessibles à l'observation. Title: Structure and Physics of Solar Faculae - Part Four - Chromospheric Granular Structure Authors: Fang, C.; Mouradian, Z.; Banos, G.; Dumont, S.; Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1984SoPh...91...61F Altcode: The methods used and the results obtained in the measurement of the distances between the centers of chromospheric granules are described. A coincidence of these structures at two different altitudes was observed. Observations made in the K2v, or in the K3 and CN lines permit the comparison of two different altitudes: the upper and the lower chromosphere. These results include flocculi on the edge of the supergranules as well as plages. Two main results are obtained: (l)the most likely distance between two neighboring granules is, at the minimum of the solar cycle, of about 2″. 60 for K3 and 2″.45 for CN, and (2) this distance is decreasing with growing solar activity. Title: Photospheric and Chromospheric Magnetic Field Structure Authors: Mouradian, Z.; Dumont, S.; Fang, C.; Pecker, J. C.; Banos, G. Bibcode: 1984apoa.conf...63M Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Sous l'etoile soleil Authors: Pecker, Jean Claude Bibcode: 1984sls..book.....P Altcode: 1984QB521.P4....... No abstract at ADS Title: Active Regions of G-Type Stars Authors: Hiei, H.; Mouradian, Z.; Dumont, S.; Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1984apoa.conf..272H Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Active Phenomena in the Outer Atmosphere of the Sun and Stars Authors: Pecker, J. -C.; Uchida, Yutaka Bibcode: 1984apoa.conf.....P Altcode: 1984apoa.book.....P No abstract at ADS Title: Structure and Physics of Solar Faculae - Part Three - the Densities in the Chromosphere-Corona Transition Zone Authors: Dumont, S.; Mouradian, Z.; Pecker, J. -C.; Vial, J. -C.; Chipman, E. Bibcode: 1983SoPh...83...27D Altcode: Si IV, C IV, and O VI resonance lines have been measured above quiet and active solar regions from both pointed OSO-8 instruments. From calibrated profiles, optical depths are computed with three different methods. All three methods provide evidence that the opacity above faculae is lower than above the quiet Sun. Title: Lectures on the planets: General introduction - The formation of the planetary environment of stars Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1983CRASB.296D...1P Altcode: 1983CRASA.296.....P Current theoretical models of star formation are reviewed, especially as they affect the evolution of the planets. The difficulties inherent in constructing cosmological models from observational data are indicated. The initial differentiation of the interstellar clump which will become a star is shown to be complex and as yet rather obscure, whereas computer models of the condensation process which follows are being developed and refined with some success. In typical models, the gradual condensation of the original homogeneous gas sphere leads via free-fall and heating phases to the ignition of a thermonuclear reaction in the star, while the progressive flattening of the remaining circumstellar cloud facilitates the accretion of planetary bodies. Color/magnitude diagrams of very young clusters are presented as evidence that large numbers of stars have flattened protoplanetary disks. Although this evidence supports the gradual-accretion model of planet formation in the solar system, more 'catastrophic' mechanisms such as solar eruptions or the approach of a massive second star cannot be ruled out. Title: L'atmosphère du soleil et des étoiles. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1983utu..conf....1P Altcode: Contents: Introduction. Le soleil, des rayons X aux ondes kilométriques. L'étude des étoiles dans les domaines X et UV. Un phénomène chromosphérique: l'effet Wilson-Bappu. L'activité solaire. La sismologie solaire. La neutrino-astronomie. Conclusions. Title: The star "sun". I. Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1983Vasio..31....1P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: The star "sun". II. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1983Vasio..31...25P Altcode: The sun is considered as it would appear to an astronomer living near Sirius. Various problems related to the mass, luminosity and solar spectrum are discussed. Title: Structure and Physics of Solar Faculae - Part One - Principles and Observational Procedures from Ground-Based Instruments and OSO-8 Satellite Authors: Dumont, S.; Mouradian, Z.; Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1982SoPh...78...71D Altcode: This paper reviews the motivations and the principles of the measurements which aim at a systematic exploration, from photosphere to corona, of the facular regions (plages). The sequence of observation actually achieved is described. Preliminary results are given, in a purely indicative way. Detailed analyses will be made in further papers. Title: Structure and Physics of Solar Faculae - Part Two - the Non-Thermal Velocity Field above Faculae Authors: Mouradian, Z.; Dumont, S.; Pecker, J. -C.; Chipman, E.; Artzner, G. E.; Vial, J. C. Bibcode: 1982SoPh...78...83M Altcode: The OSO-8 satellite enabled us to study various characteristics of the profiles of Si II, Si IV, C IV, and O VI lines above active areas of the Sun, as well as above quiet areas, and to derive some physical properties of the transition region between chromosphere and corona (CCT): (i) The study of the lines shows a general tendency for the microvelocity fields on the average to be nearly constant for the heights corresponding to T > 105 K; however they seem to slightly increase with height in quiet areas, and decrease in active areas. (ii) A multicomponent model of the CCT is however quite necessary, and its geometry is far from being a set of plane-parallel columns. It is similar to an association of moving knots within the non-moving principal component of the matter. (iii) The proportion of mass, in the knots relative to that in the non-moving component, is several times larger in active regions than in quiet regions. (iv) In the knots, the non-thermal microvelocity fields are smaller in active regions and seem to decrease for T increasing above 105 K, contrary to what happens in the steady principal component. Of course, we consider that microturbulence and Doppler shift are two aspects of the same distribution of velocity. Title: Clefs pour l'astronomie. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1982cpl..book.....P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Meteorological Characteristics of the Solar Climate and Activity - Some Remarks Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1982coas.conf..151P Altcode: 1982cia..conf..151P No abstract at ADS Title: The Star "Sun" (Invited Review Paper) Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1982ASSL...96...25P Altcode: 1982spls.meet...25P Classical astronomical parameters are employed to characterize the sun from a viewpoint originating from the star Sirius. Attention is given to the solar brightness distribution, the solar radius, oblateness and oscillations, and small amount of evidence for a secular variation. The mass of the sun is considered, as well as the luminosity, the line spectrum defining it as a G 2 V star, and the sun as a center of a planetary system. Finally, particular facets of stellar studies which are possible due to the closeness of the sun and the planets are reviewed, including perturbative effects due to the presence of the giant planets, the details of stellar activity which can be observed, and relativistic effects around the sun. Title: Cent ans d'astronomie à travers "L'Astronomie". Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1982LAstr..96..123P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Citation in Astronomy Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1981Sci...214..254P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Les etoiles et les curiosites du ciel : description complete du ciel visible a l'oeil nu et de tous les objets celestes faciles a observer : supplement de l'Astronomie populaire Authors: Flammarion, Camille; Pecker, Jean Claude Bibcode: 1981eccd.book.....F Altcode: 1981QB44.F59....... No abstract at ADS Title: Les étoiles et les curiosités du ciel. C._Flammarion. C._Marpon, C._Flammarion, éditeurs en 1882. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1981ecc..book.....P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Champs de vitesses et champs magnétiques à petite échelle dans l'atmosphère solaire. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1981CRASB.293D..15P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Microturbulence near the edge of a solar plage Authors: Simon, G.; Mouradian, Z.; Dumont, S.; Pecker, J. C.; Artzner, G.; Vial, J. C. Bibcode: 1980A&A....89L...8S Altcode: Observations of the Ca II K line at the edge of a solar plage show enhanced separation of the K2 peaks with respect to the measured value inside the plage and in the quiet sun. This effect may be interpreted as a variation of microturbulent motions at the height of formation of K2. Title: Center-to-limb solar observations of the K2 component of the Ca II K line with the OSO 8 satellite. Authors: Dumont, S.; Mouradian, Z.; Pecker, J. -C.; Simon, G.; Artzner, G. E.; Vial, J. C. Bibcode: 1980CRASB.290..365D Altcode: OSO 8 spectrometer measurements of the separation between emission peaks in the K2 Ca II line across the solar disk in quiet and active regions are presented. The center-to-limb variation in emission peak separation is found to differ slightly for quiet and facula regions at distances greater than 0.2 solar radii from the limb, in agreement with previous observations. For a facula located at the solar limb, however, the peak separation is observed to be up to 35 percent greater than in quiet regions, indicating the presence of a region of enhanced chromospheric turbulence surrounding the faculae. Title: Non thermal velocities in the chromosphere-corona transition zone of solar active regions. Authors: Dumont, S.; Mouradian, Z.; Pecker, J. -C.; Chipman, E.; Artzner, G.; Vial, J. -C. Bibcode: 1980CRASB.290..317D Altcode: OSO 8 satellite observations of lines of the Si II, Si IV, C IV and O VI ions in the ultraviolet spectrum of active solar regions are considered. It is noted that for the case of pronounced physical dispersion of the data, there is no marked systematic variation from the center to the edge of the solar disk. The nonthermal velocities in the transition zone are, for a given temperature, the same as for quiet regions. In addition, the velocities tend to reach a constant value at temperatures above 100,000 deg K, and the observed physical dispersion is much higher than the inaccuracy of the data. Title: Obituary - Chalonge, Daniel Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1980QJRAS..21..481P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Le principe et le développement par Bernard Lyot du coronographe. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1980CRASB.291...79P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: The Active Sun as a Star Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1980jfss.conf....1P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: L'Union Astronomique Internationale vit... Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1980LAstr..94..527P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Andreí Brahic received the Prix Lalande-Valz. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1980CRASB.291R.122P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: The Magnetic Field Flux in Facular Regions Authors: Mouradian, Z.; Chapman, G.; Dumont, S.; Fang, Ch.; Feng, Y.; Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1980jfss.conf..121M Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Discussion of the Semi-Empirical Determinations of the Optical Depth of Chromosphere-Corona Transition C IV Lines Authors: Pecker, J. C.; Dumont, S.; Mouradian, Z.; Chipman, E. G. Bibcode: 1980jfss.conf..118P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Roger Bonnet received the Prix Deslandres. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1980CRASB.291Q.122P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: André Couder et l'optique astronomique. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1980LAstr..94..149P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Literature references, journal abbreviations, and the IAU Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1979Obs....99..220P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: P. Lena received the Prix Benjamin Valz. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1979CRASB.289...95P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Documentation Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1979IAUTA..17a...7P Altcode: 1979IAUT...17....7P No abstract at ADS Title: A Meeting on the Nomenclature of Astronomical Objects Authors: Jaschek, C.; Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1979BICDS..16...57J Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Compte rendu sur la 17e Assemblée générale de l'Union astronomique internationale qui s'est tenue à Montréal, du 14 au 23 août 1979. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1979CRASB.289...75P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Effect of spectral shifts in front of and near a massive body on the profile of spectral lines emitted by this body or by other bodies located behind it. Authors: Borsenberger, J.; Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1979BSRSL..48..204B Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Clouds in the halo. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1978Msngr..15....2P Altcode: Well, what can be done with ten nights on a future 25 metre telescope (the VL T)? The first to send in his article was Professor Jean-Claude Pecker from College de France and Institut d'Astrophysique in Paris. He feels that most of the time should be used to study the stars and the gas in the halo of the Mi/ky Way. Join him on the magic carpet . .. but remember to fasten the seatbelts! Title: Un étonnant paradoxe sur la chute de corps Les lecteurs de l'Astronomie trouveront-ils par doxal le raisonnement de Jean-Claude PECKER Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1978LAstr..92..142P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Book reviews Authors: Plavec, Miroslav; Hoekstra, R.; de Jager, C.; Grygar, Jiři; Otterman, J.; van den Dool, H. M.; Namba, O.; Gunsing, C. J. Th.; Pecker, Jean-Claude; Kwee, K. K.; Perek, L.; Callebaut, D.; Kuijpers, Jan; de Graaff, W.; Reijnen, G. C. M.; Swanenburg, B.; Grevesse, N.; Kleczek, J.; Piquet, P.; Fokker, A. D.; van Bueren, H. G.; Page, D. Edgar; van Duinen, R. J.; Pacini, Franco Bibcode: 1978SSRv...21..469P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: H II regions around sources of intense ultraviolet radiation. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1978bs...symp..285P Altcode: An attempt is made to describe some particular cases where improvements in the analysis of a classical Stromgren sphere are required. Attention is given to problems involved in counting ionizing photons and determining the respective sizes of He III, He II, and He I Stromgren spheres around OB stars. The problem of computing the size and shape of H II regions around nuclei of young galaxies is also discussed. Title: Francois Roddier received the Prix DesLandres. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1978CRASB.287..107P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Guy Israel received the Prix Henri de Parville. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1978CRASB.287..113P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: La théorie des atmosphères stellaires: tendances actuelles Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1978ppeu.book..293P Altcode: 1978ppeu.book..321P; 1978ppeu.conf..293P No abstract at ADS Title: Livre d'Astronomie Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1977LAstr..91..268P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Resonance line polarization: the line core. Authors: Dumont, S.; Omont, A.; Pecker, J. C.; Rees, D. Bibcode: 1977A&A....54..675D Altcode: Polarization effects in non-LTE line formation have been investigated by the Feautrier (1964) method for semiinfinite plane-parallel atmospheres and Doppler frequency redistribution. The influence of the probability of photon destruction during scattering and the error introduced by the assumption of completed redistribution are discussed in the case of isothermal atmospheres. The treatment is then extended to a model simulating the main features of the solar chromosphere and photosphere, and the influence of line strength in such conditions is discussed under the assumption of complete redistribution. In the different cases, the polarization rate of the emitted light is computed as a function of frequency and direction, and the two source functions are calculated as a function of optical depth. Title: La Nouvelle astronomie : science de l'univers Authors: Pecker, Jean Claude; Baglin, Annie Bibcode: 1977nasu.book.....P Altcode: 1977QB44.2.P4...... No abstract at ADS Title: Infrared astronomy and galactic dust. II. Authors: Pecker, J. -C.; Rodionova, S. N. Bibcode: 1977ZemVs...5...43P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Possible Explanations of Non Cosmological Redshift Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1977dreu.coll..451P Altcode: 1977egic.conf..451P; 1977IAUCo..37..451P Possible causes of abnormal redshifts are considered. The interpretations examined include perturbations of relativistic cosmologies, Segal's (1975) chronogeometry, variations in physical constants, and tired-light mechanisms, particularly that involving neutral light phi-particles. The phi-particle mechanism is investigated in detail, concentrating on the kinematics and dynamics of the phi-photon interaction, the special case of strong phi-photon interactions, and processes affecting the equilibrium of phi-particles. Some general consequences of this tired-light mechanism are discussed. Title: L'astronomie infrarouge et les poussières galactiques. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1977HiA.....4A...3P Altcode: 1977HiA.....4....3P No abstract at ADS Title: Infrared astronomy and galactic dust. I. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1977ZemVs...4...30P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Société Astronomique de France : réunion des commissions Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1976LAstr..90..463P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Additional evidence and possible interpretation of angular redshift anisotropy. Authors: Jaakkola, T.; Karoji, H.; Le Denmat, G.; Moles, M.; Nottale, L.; Vigier, J. -P.; Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1976MNRAS.177..191J Altcode: An attempt is performed to see whether the anisotropic angular distribution of redshifts discovered by Rubin, Ford, and Rubin (1973) for Sc I galaxies (denoted the RFR effect) exists for other types of sources. The data used consists of brightest cluster galaxies, those for which supernovae serve as distance indicators, and Seyfert galaxies. The statistical analysis reveals in all three cases a similar anisotropy at intermediate distances as that previously found. A modification of the RFR borderline, analyzed in particular with a complete sample of radio galaxies, shows that this anisotropy can be interpreted either as an enhancement of the luminosity, or as an excess of redshift, when galaxies are seen through intervening clusters of galaxies. This effect is evidently connected with anomalous redshifts recently discussed in the literature. Title: Progrès récents de l'astronomie Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1976LAstr..90..453P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Éditorial: Quand les astronomes deviennent géologues Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1976LAstr..90..413P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Universe 76 Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1976Sc&Te.......32P Altcode: A broad nonquantitative overview is presented of concepts, theories, and disputes on the nature of the Universe, as totality of perceptible objects in space and as model(s) and distributions of physical quantities. The physics of stars, the interstellar medium, and quasi-stellar phenomena, a concept of the Universe as rotating flat disk with halo, and support or challenge to models proposed on the basis of statistically derived evidence are sketched. Clusters of galaxies, superclusters, and the local Supergalaxy are discussed, in addition to the problems introduced by anomalous redshifts and the nonconstancy of the Hubble constant. Title: Allocution du président sortant Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1976LAstr..90..449P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Éditorial : L'Union Astronomique Internationale à Grenoble Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1976LAstr..90..365P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Rapport du président 1975-1976 Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1976LAstr..90..395P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Éditorial : Comment devenir astronome? Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1976LAstr..90..321P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Solar Astrophysics: Ghettosis from, or Symbiosis with, Stellar and Galactic Astrophysics? Authors: Pecker, J. -C.; Thomas, R. N. Bibcode: 1976SSRv...19..217P Altcode: The purpose of the paper is to show how the solar-stellar symbiotic approach has led to the modeling of a star as a concentration of matter and energy. By 'solar-stellar symbiosis' is meant the philosophy of investigation according to which one asks what change in our general understanding of stellar structure and of stellar spectroscopic diagnostics is required to satisfy both the sun and an unusual star when, for example, some feature of an unusual star is discovered. The evolution of stellar models is traced, from walled, thermodynamic-equilibrium models to de-isolated models featuring transition zones and nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium. Title: Some doubts about Hubble's constant Authors: Nottale, L.; Vigier, J. -P.; Yourgrau, W.; Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1976Rech....7..529N Altcode: Recent observations casting doubt on the uniformity of Hubble's constant are discussed, and the hypotheses that have been proposed to explain these observations are outlined. Rubin, Ford, and Rubin (1973) have reported variations in the distribution of the radial velocities of Sc I galaxies. In addition, a correlation has been found between the degree of red shift of the light of distant galaxies and the mass of galaxies which it must traverse to reach the observer. It has been suggested by several workers that these effects are the result of the interaction of photons with extremely light, neutral particles, designated phi particles, as the result of which photons suffer a loss of energy. Hubble's law is recovered from this model if the density of phi particles is assumed to be globally constant. It has been suggested that the rate of expansion of the universe is nonuniform, with a higher value at the interior of galaxy clusters. Title: Éditorial : Flammarion et la météorologie Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1976LAstr..90..277P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: A set of working hypotheses towards a unified view of the universe. Authors: Pecker, J. -C.; Vigier, J. P. Bibcode: 1976Afz....12..315P Altcode: The universe is considered as a hierarchical universe similar to Charlier's and the cause of the apparent expansion in the interactions affecting the path of photons is investigated on the basis of observational data on the anisotropy and inhomogeneity of the Hubble constant and on anomalous red shifts. The cosmology is formulated on the basis of three working hypotheses: (1) most red shifts that are considered anomalous are real not spurious, (2) the real anomalous red shifts are due to unknown causes, and (3) the observed anomalous red shifts, whether detected in objects passing behind the solar corona, in binary stars, or in compact extragalactic objects, are due to a single physical cause. Title: Éditorial : La pollution et l'astronomie Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1976LAstr..90..221P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Livres d'astronomie Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1976LAstr..90..207P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Éditorial : La constante de la gravitation universelle est-elle variable? Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1976LAstr..90..173P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Températures et magnitudes en astrophysique : Un aide-mémoire Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1976LAstr..90..191P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: A set of working hypotheses toward a unified view of the universe Authors: Pecker, J. -C.; Vigier, J. P. Bibcode: 1976Ap.....12..195P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Éditorial : Des parentés nouvelles avec les biologistes Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1976LAstr..90..117P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Commissions de la Société Astronomique de France Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1976LAstr..90...51P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Documentation (Committee of the Executive Committee). Authors: Pecker, J. -C.; Wilkins, G. A. Bibcode: 1976IAUTA..16a.189P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Retour sur la météorologie solaire Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1976LAstr..90....1P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: F. Praderie received the Prix Antoine d'Abbadie. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1976CRASB.283R..89P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: A propos du spectre solaire Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1976LAstr..90...33P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: S. Collin-Souffrin received the Prix Antoine d'Abbadie. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1976CRASB.283Q..89P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Allocution Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1975LAstr..89..402P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Progrès récents de l'astronomie Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1975LAstr..89..434P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Editorial : Le Soleil, la Galaxie et les périodes de glaciation Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1975LAstr..89..351P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Sur les dangers d'une approximation classique dans l'analyse des décalages spectraux vers le rouge. Authors: Pecker, J. -C.; Vigier, J. -P. Bibcode: 1975CRASB.281..369P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Éditorial : Nouveaux regards sur un vieux problème Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1975LAstr..89..269P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Le cinquantième anniversaire de la mécanique ondulatoire Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1975LAstr..89..227P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Éditorial : du bon usage des ordinateurs Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1975LAstr..89..225P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Cosmological implications of anomalous redshifts—A possible working hypothesis Authors: Jaakkola, T.; Moles, M.; Vigier, J. P.; Pecker, J. C.; Yourgrau, W. Bibcode: 1975FoPh....5..257J Altcode: An analysis of the most recent experimental data shows that the isotropic and universal proportionality of redshift to distance, predicted for all distant objects by the expanding universe model, cannot be regarded as an established fact at the present stage of experimental knowledge. An interpretation of the conflicting data is given in terms of interactions between nonzero-mass photons and light scalar bosons. This leads to a new, static, Einstein-type hierarchical model of the universe, where the cosmological redshift results essentially from a tired-light effect. Title: Éditorial : A propos des parallaxes stellaires Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1975LAstr..89..177P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Éditorial Un problème mal résolu : la composition des étoiles Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1975LAstr..89..129P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: The abundance determination in a stellar atmosphere. I. LTE experimentation using an artificial non-LTE spectrum. Authors: Dumont, S.; Heidmann, N.; Jefferies, J. T.; Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1975A&A....40..127D Altcode: It is shown that the classical LTE analysis of an atomic spectrum of a solar-like star leads to values of the abundance (A) which may be different from the real values. Various uncertainties affect the results derived from neutral lines. However, proper selection of the observational data, for instance use of ion lines, can lead, in similar cases at least, to good values of A. These conclusions concern the solar-like case; however, they emphasize that, in all cases, the effect of departures from LTE needs very careful discussion. Title: Charles Greeley Abbot (1872-1973) Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1975LAstr..89..118P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Éditorial : Une observation révolutionnaire? Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1975LAstr..89...89P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: G. Kuiper (1905-1973) Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1975LAstr..89...84P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Une réunion commune à toutes les Commissions de la Société Astronomique de France : Introduction Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1975LAstr..89...50P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Éditorial : L'Europe à l'heure du Soleil Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1975LAstr..89...49P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: L'année Camille Flammarion Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1975LAstr..89....1P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Promotion of solar physics in Europe: introduction to a debate. Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1975MmArc.105..125P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: La nouvelle astronomie : science de l'univers Authors: Pecker, Jean Claude; Baglin, Annie Bibcode: 1975nasu.book.....P Altcode: 1975QB44.2.P4...... No abstract at ADS Title: Computation and tables of a useful integral for the interpretation of phenomena near the solar limb (or stellar disk). Authors: Borsenberger, J.; Pecker, J. -C.; Vigier, J. -P. Bibcode: 1975BSRSL..44..706B Altcode: The functions J1 (proportional to the integrated value, along the line of sight, of the solid angle under which the stellar disk is seen) and J2 (proportional to the integrated value, along the line of sight, of the gravitational field of the stellar mass) have been calculated and tabulated. The integrals were evaluated by computer using the Romberg method. Title: Comparaison de deux observations de déplacements anormaux vers le rouge observés au voisinage du disque solaire (complément). Authors: Depaquit, S.; Vigier, J. -P.; Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1975CRASB.280..113D Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Promotion of solar physics in Europe: introduction to a debate Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1975cesra...5..125P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: The O-complex: the O stars and their gas-dust circumstellar medium. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1975MSRSL...9..319P Altcode: 1975assp.conf..319P; 1975apes.conf..319P This paper, unlike most review papers, does not intend to cover and describe the literature, but only to attract the reader's attention to a rapidly evolving field, especially through the study of the typical Orion complex. The diagnosis of spectra (properties of main component: stars, gas, ionized or neutral, dusts, molecules) is covered; the need for an integrated theoretical treatment is emphasized. A global picture emerges from published data and is presented with some words of caution concerning the weaknesses of such a model. Title: Progrès récents de l'astronomie Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1974LAstr..88..401P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Comparaison de deux observations de déplacements anormaux vers le rouge observés au voisinage du disque solaire. Authors: Depaquit, S.; Vigier, J. -P.; Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1974CRASB.279..559D Altcode: Comparison of the series of observations of anomalous redshifts made by Sadeh et al. (1968) on the radio source Taurus A with the anomalous redshift observed by Goldstein (1969) at the frequency emitted by the Pioneer 6 satellite. Observing at a frequency of 2292 MHz, Goldstein noted an anomalous redshift at the onset of occultation of the satellite by the sun. This shift consists of a superposition of an asymmetrical shift and a symmetrical shift. In a similar experiment, based on observations of the 21-cm hydrogen absorption line, Sadeh et al. also noted an anomalous redshift at the moment of solar occultation. An interpretation and comparison of these redshifts are made by assuming that the lost energy of the observed redshifts is carried away by lightweight particles which are emitted at the surface of the sun and strongly interact with gamma rays emitted by the source. Title: Éditorial. Échanges d'astronomes Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1974LAstr..88..357P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: A propos de l'éditorial « Faut-il encore observer le Soleil? » Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1974LAstr..88..279P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Galactic evolution. II. Why is the reddening law in our Galaxy unique? A working hypothesis. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1974A&A....35....7P Altcode: Based on calculations of the ratio of the force exerted by gravity and the force due to radiation pressure on spherical dielectric particles, it can be shown that dust grains of dimension greater than 0.000003 cm are retained by the Galaxy, while those smaller than that are repulsed. However, grains greater than 0.00003 cm are attracted by main sequence stars colder than A 5. Thus, only grains within the range from 0.000003 to 0.00003 cm can remain for a relatively long time in the Galaxy. This fact explains roughly why the reddening law in the Galaxy has always been found to be nearly the same, except in those particular regions where it reflects the circumstellar dust grain distribution rather than the interstellar distribution. Title: Éditorial. Météorologie et activité solaire Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1974LAstr..88..277P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Editorial. Astrologie 1974 Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1974LAstr..88..241P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Observed Deflation of Light by the Sun as a Function of Solar Distance Authors: Merat, P.; Pecker, J. C.; Vigier, J. P.; Yourgrau, W. Bibcode: 1974A&A....32..471M Altcode: Summary. A detailed analysis using modern computing methods of all known measurements of the deflection of light near the solar limb shows a) the validity of Einstein's prediction beyond a certain distance of the sun b) the possible existence of a new effect in the close vicinity of the solar limb which can be interpreted as resulting from a dispersive medium emitted by the solar surface. Key words: light deflection by the sun Title: Éditorial - MHD en Astrophysique Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1974LAstr..88..153P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Anomalous redshifts in binary stars. Authors: Kuhi, L. V.; Pecker, J. -C.; Vigier, J. P. Bibcode: 1974A&A....32..111K Altcode: Summary. The problem of the anomalous redshifts (+ 100 km/s) of the y-velocities of Wolf-Rayet binaries as deduced from the emission lines is reviewed. The earlier explanations (Wilson, 1940 b) are rediscussed and it is shown that while the absorption hypothesis is very attractive similar redshifts can also be produced by inelastic photon boson scattering. Key words: redshifts - binaries - Wolf-Rayet stars Title: Éditorial : L'astronomie dans l'enseignement secondaire français Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1974LAstr..88..113P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Retour sur Copernic, Kepler, Bessel et les parallaxes Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1974LAstr..88...83P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Editorial - Amas de galaxies en expansion? Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1974LAstr..88...41P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: L'astronomie infrarouge Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1974LAstr..88...57P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Pourquoi un éditorial? Authors: Morando, B.; Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1974LAstr..88....1M Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: On the Compactness and Redshifts of Companion Galaxies Members of Groups of Galaxies Authors: Collin-Souffrin, S.; Pecker, J. -C.; Tovmassian, H. M. Bibcode: 1974A&A....30..351C Altcode: Summary. In groups of galaxies, although the brightest galaxy of the group has often a compact nucleus, the companion galaxies are more clearly red shifted when they are a compact nucleus themselves. Although the sample of galaxies studied in this paper is rather limited, it seems that compactness, altogether, favors red shift. Key words: galaxies - red shift - groups of galaxies Title: La méthode de Kepler est-elle une non-méthode? Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1974LAstr..88....2P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: L'univers est-il EN expansion? : expose Authors: Pecker, Jean Claude Bibcode: 1974ueee.book.....P Altcode: 1974QB981.P415..... No abstract at ADS Title: Asymmetry in solar spectral lines. Authors: Magnan, C.; Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1974HiA.....3..171M Altcode: After reviewing observations of the spectral solar features originated either in the chromospheric layers or in the photospheric layers, from the point of view of the observations, and after having shown the strikingly discrepant set of interpretations that can be found currently in literature, a numerical experiment is performed in a case not too different from the solar case. It is shown that the use of the line bisector to determine, from the asymmetry of a single line, the trend of the velocity field might be considerably misleading, a fact which explains partly the results published in literature. Title: Possible Interpretation of an Anomalous Redsbift Observed on the 2292 MHz Line Emitted by Pioneer-6 in the Close Vicinity of the Solar Limb Authors: Merat, P.; Pecker, J. -C.; Vigier, J. -P. Bibcode: 1974A&A....30..167M Altcode: Summary. An analysis of Goldstein's observations shows an anomalous redshift of the central frequency of the 2292 MHz band emitted by Pioneer-6 during its occultation by the sun. This shift, symmetrical with respect to the sun's center, does not correspond to any presently known physical effect. It can be quantitatively interpreted through an interaction between incident transverse photons and light neutral bosons emitted by the sun, an interaction of the type proposed earlier by the authors. Key words: anomalous redshifts - Pioneer-6 occultation - solar redshift observations Title: A Scheme of Stellar Atmospheric Regions. I. The General Approach Authors: Pecker, J. -C.; Praderie, F.; Thomas, R. N. Bibcode: 1973A&A....29..289P Altcode: Summary. We develop the idea of the stellar atmosphere as a transition zone between the quasi-equilibrium stellar interior and the wholly non-equilibrium interstellar medium. The transition is between a primarilystorage, and a primarily-propagation, configuration for the energy associated with each of the radiation and mass-fluxes. Each phase of the transition, for the radia tive flux, gives rise to one region of the photosphere; for the mass-flux, to one region of the hylosphere. We provide a schematic outline of the phases in this paper. Key words: transition-zone - mass-flux - radiation- flux - stellar atmosphere Title: La méthode de Kepler est-elle une non-méthode ? Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1973LAstr..87..427P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: The Protostellar Origin of Circumstellar Envelopes Authors: Baglin, A.; Berruyer, N.; Morel, P. J.; Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1973ApL....15....9B Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Dimensions of ionized-gas zones surrounding sources of strong ultraviolet radiation: I. Physics of the problem and methods of calculations Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1973Ap......9..318P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Photon Mass, Quasar Redshifts and Other Abnormal Redshifts Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1973Natur.241..338P Altcode: As stated in a recent Nature editorial1 ``the first claims that quasar redshifts were not caused by Doppler velocities of recession were met with general disbelief''. In spite of this, experimental evidence has been accumulating in favour of such non-velocity shifts (see, for example, refs. 2, 3). Burbidge (unpublished) has shown a significant anti-correlation between the apparent distance of a quasar and a nearby galaxy and the brightness of that galaxy (hence a correlation with its distance): this suggests a physical association, in many cases, between two objects, a QSO and an ordinary galaxy, displaying very different redshifts. Title: Theoretical study of the Fraunhofer lines polarization: The case of Ca i 4227 Authors: Dumont, Simone; Pecker, Jean-Claude; Omont, Alain Bibcode: 1973SoPh...28..271D Altcode: The measurements by Brückner (1963) of the Ca I 4227 polarization at the Sun's limb provides us with a test for the theory of line polarization. Computations are developed taking into account: (a) the transfer polarization, due to the anisotropy of radiation field; (b) the depolarizing collisions acting in the wings. The magnetic field is not taken into account and the theory is not valid in the Doppler core. In the wings a very good fit is obtained, using appropriate source-functions fitting the observed profiles at the center of the disk, and from center to limb. Title: Astronomy, the people and the governments Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude; Ringeard, Gisèle Bibcode: 1973VA.....15....1P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: The Use of Model Atmosphere for Temperature-Gravity Calibration (survey Lecture) Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1973IAUS...54..173P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Les molécules dans l'espace: leur découverte, leur importance. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1973CRASB.277..149P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Experimental astronomy. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1973exas.book.....P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Dimensions of the zones of ionized gas around the sources of strong ultraviolet radiation. I. Physics of the problem and principles of calculation. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1973Afz.....9..525P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Rapport d'activité de l'ADION par le Secrétaire Général et rapport financier. Report 1972. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1973BINic..10...19P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: La dixième médaille de l'ADION décernée au Professeur L. Perek Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1972LAstr..86..366P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Non-velocity Redshifts and Photon-Photon Interactions Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1972Natur.237..227P Altcode: RECENT data on galactic redshift anomalies have led Hoyle and Narlikar1, for example, to propose a qualitative explanation in terms of spatio-temporal variation of proper mass. The consequences of hypotheses such as this are evidently worthy of study, but there are other redshift anomalies, which should also be considered in this context. A possible alternative explanation is in terms of an inelastic photon-photon interaction; this has the advantages of being more inclusive, more quantitative (at least in order of magnitude) and immediately testable in the laboratory. Title: Galactic Evolution. I. Differential Effects of Radiation Pression around Stars of Different Spectral Types on Neutral Atoms and Dust Grains Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1972A&A....18..253P Altcode: The ratios, and actual values, for forces exerted both by radiation pressure and gravitation on atoms of H 1, He 1, C 1, Fe 1, Eu i, and on dust grains of various sizes are computed, at a large distance of the star, for stars of all spectral types (assuming that the medium is essentially neutral, and that atoms are in the ground state) and for a schematical galaxy. Clearly, the effects of gravitation and radiation act in such a way as to produce a definite difference in the dynamics of different atomic species and of dust grains of different sizes. A sorting of metals from hydrogen is suggested; first, hydrogen would be strongly expelled; next, hydrogen would be less strongly expelled, whenever metals would not follow; finally, hydrogen would fall again, as dust would. Expulsion would be mostly polar; subsequent partial return of matter would be mostly equatorial. The study of this dynamical behaviour is described in subsequent papers. Key words: galaxy - galactic evolution - interstellar medium - dust - radiation pressure Les rapports, et valeurs absolues, des forces exerc6es d'une part par la pression de radiation, d'autre part par Ia gravitation, sur des atomes de H 1, He i, C 1, Fe i, Eu i, et sur des grains de de dimensions , sont , une grande distance de l'e'toile, pour des toiles de tous les types spectraux (en supposant que le milieu est essentiellement neutre et les atomes dans l'e'tat fondamental) et pour une galaxie . De toute vidsnce, les effets de la gravitation et du rayonnement ont pour effet de provoquer des sensibles dans le comportement dynamique des diff&ents atomes et des grains de de diff&entes dimensions. Une s6paration entre et est sugg e; l' d'abord serait expuls fortement; puis il le serait moins fortement, et les ne le suivraient pas encore; enfin, l' , comme d'ailleurs les , retomberait sur la Galaxie. L'expulsion serait surtout polaire; le retour essentiellement equatorial. L' tude de ce comportement dynamique est decrite dans les articles sulvants de cette . Title: Rapport d'activité de l'ADION par le Secrétaire Général. Report 1971. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1972BONic...9...25P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Sur une interprétation possible du déplacement vers le rouge des raies spectrales dans le spectre des objets astronomiques. Authors: Pecker, J. -C.; Roberts, A. P.; Vigier, J. -P. Bibcode: 1972CRASB.274..765P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Le ciel, et deux etudes. Authors: Pecker, Jean Claude Bibcode: 1972cde..book.....P Altcode: 1972QB44.2.P39..... No abstract at ADS Title: Données de l'observation et de la théorie et prévisions concernant les spectres (IR et ondes ultracourtes) des étoiles normales et particulières de type peu avancé. Rapport introductif. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1972saim.conf..243P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Sur une interprétation possible du déplacement vers le rouge des raies spectrales dans le spectre des objets astronomiques. Suggestions en vue d'expériences directes. Authors: Pecker, J. -C.; Roberts, A. P.; Vigier, J. -P. Bibcode: 1972CRASB.274.1159P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Le ciel et deux écrits. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1972lced.book.....P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Processus physiques intéressant les poussières circumstellaires. Masse des grains et accrétion protonique. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1972CRASB.274.1001P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Le tri des atomes et des grains de poussière au voisinage d'une galaxie, l'évolution de cette galaxie, et l'observation, dans les domaines IR et radio, de son rayonnement. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1972saim.conf..573P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Book reviews Authors: Chup, E. L.; Koelbloed, D.; de Jager, C.; Quenby, J. J.; van Kampen, N. G.; Pettengill, G. H.; Schuurmans, C. J. E.; de Graaff, W.; Oort, J. H.; Sagan, Carl; van der Kerk, G. J. M.; Pecker, Jean-Claude; Szebehely, V.; Hutchinson, G. W.; Allan, H. R. Bibcode: 1971SSRv...12..526C Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Marcel Gilles Josef Minnaert (1893-1970) Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1971Icar...15..147P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: La quatorzième Assemblée générale de l'Union Astronomique Internationale à Brighton Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1971LAstr..85...93P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Influence of the Line Absorption on the Polarization of the Continuum Spectrum Authors: Dumont, S.; Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1971A&A....10..118D Altcode: The polarization in Fraunhofer lines is computed from a detailed statistical analysis of five spectral bands of the solar spectrum. The assumptions, that are necessary to treat several thousands of lines, are necessarily rather crude: rectangniar profiles; lines divided in to four categories: weak-pure absorption; averaged strongpure absorption; weak-pure scattering; averaged strong-pure scattering. The results show that the line resonance polarization is of the right order of magnitude to explain the observations; but that a proper treatment of collisional depolarization and new measurements are highly necessary to reach definitive conclusions. Key words: sun - polarization Title: Processus physiques intéressant les grains de poussière circumstellaires: Charge et effet photoélectrique. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1971CRASB.272...69P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: La nouvelle astronomy. Science de l'univers Authors: Pecker, Jean Claude; Baglin, Annie Bibcode: 1971lnas.book.....P Altcode: 1971QB44.2.P4...... No abstract at ADS Title: Some Considerations from the Direct Comparison between the Observations and the Theory of Solar Disk Polarization Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1970SoPh...15...88P Altcode: Simple considerations of observed variation with wavelength of polarization on the solar disc, computed continuum polarization, and estimated line polarization have led to the following simple conclusions (more qualitative than quantitative); (a) The metal abundances in the photosphere are five times larger than the `classical' values adopted in the BCA model of the solar photosphere. (b) The depolarization factor k in lines is an increasing function of wavelength. (c) Assuming that k varies as λ2, an additional polarization (which can be either solar or instrumental) has to be taken into account. Title: Saturation in Fraunhofer lines Authors: Pecker, J. -C.; Thomas, R. N. Bibcode: 1970Obs....90..207P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Polarization of Continuum at the Solar Limb Authors: Debarbat, S.; Dumont, S.; Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1970A&A.....8..231D Altcode: The classical expressions for the source function lead to an estimate of the polarization rate at the solar limb at various wavelengths. Two methods have been used; in both cases the computed polarization has been compared to the observations by Dollfus and Leroy (1960). An attempt has been made to justify the models introduced in the computation through an inversion of the expression of the polarization rate. For the models considered in this paper, the computed polarization is too weak by a factor 3 to 6. It seems necessary to take into account, as the main contributor to this factor, the effect of Fraunhofer lines. The comparison of the observed and computed polarization rates suggest however that another additional phenomenon should be invoked to explain the discrepancy. Th order to improve our understanding of this question, the study of the effect of lines has to be pursued (work is now in progress); but it would be necessary as well to obtain new observations in the visible and to extend them to other wavelengths, especially in the ultra-violet. Title: Polarization at the Solar Limb: Interpretation Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1970BAAS....2R.335P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Interpretation of Optical Solar Polarization Authors: Debarbat, S.; Dumont, S.; Pecker, J. Bibcode: 1970ApL.....6..251D Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Concluding Remarks Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1970sfss.coll..323P Altcode: 1970IAUCo...2..323P No abstract at ADS Title: Space observatories Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1970ASSL...21.....P Altcode: 1970QB81.P413......; 1970spob.book.....P No abstract at ADS Title: Experimental astronomy Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1970ASSL...18.....P Altcode: 1970QB471.P413.....; 1970exas.book.....P No abstract at ADS Title: Part C Chromospheres and Coronae of Stars Authors: Pecker, J. C.; Hummer, D. G. Bibcode: 1970sfss.coll..239P Altcode: 1970IAUCo...2..239P No abstract at ADS Title: Astrophysique théorique. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1970AnCF...70...93P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Rapport d'activité de l'Observatoire de Nice pour 1969. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1970BINic...7...39P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: On the Abundance Determination in the Solar Chromosphere Authors: Pecker, J. C.; Pottasch, S. R. Bibcode: 1969A&A.....2...81P Altcode: We show that abundances of the metals can be obtained from observations of the solar chromosphere; departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium are taken into account. Results are given for iron, titanium, scandium, strontium and barium. Title: L'Astronomie experimentale ... Authors: Pecker, Jean Claude Bibcode: 1969asex.book.....P Altcode: 1969QB47.P4........ No abstract at ADS Title: Les observatoires spatiaux. Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1969los..book.....P Altcode: 1969QB81.P4........ No abstract at ADS Title: La XIIIe assemblée générale de l'Union astronomique internationale Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1968LAstr..82..263P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Saturation in Fraunhofer lines Authors: Pecker, J. -C.; Thomas, R. N. Bibcode: 1968Obs....88..115P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: La formation des raies d'émission dans les couches gazeuses d'épaisseur optique finie Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1968AnAp...31..537P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: RS Ophiuchi: Reduction of spectra from the 1958 outburst (Errata: 20 224) Authors: Tolbert, C. R.; Pecker, J. C.; Pottasch, S. R. Bibcode: 1967BAN....19...17T Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: M. -G. -P. Minnaert Authors: Pecker, J. Bibcode: 1966LAstr..80..383P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Le rôle de la Société Astronomique de France Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1966LAstr..80...97P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: L'Observatoire de Nice (1881-1964) Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1965LAstr..79..201P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Micromotions, Macromotions, and Non-LTE Effects Authors: Pecker, J. -C.; Roddier, F. Bibcode: 1965SAOSR.174..437P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Sur une interprétation possible de la phase oscillatoire des Novae Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1965nns..conf..141P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: La Structure de la Photosphère Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1965ASSL....1...29P Altcode: 1965sosp.conf...29P No abstract at ADS Title: Abaques pour le calcul des profondeurs de formation = Tesekkul derinliklerinin hesaplanmasi icin abaklar Authors: Balli, Edibe; Kiral, Adnan; Pecker, Jean Claude Bibcode: 1965acpf.book.....B Altcode: 1965QB551.B3....... No abstract at ADS Title: Model Atmospheres Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1965ARA&A...3..135P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: The Balmer line profiles in Nova RS Ophiuchi 1958 Authors: Folkart, B.; Pecker, J. -C.; Pottasch, S. R. Bibcode: 1965nns..conf...60F Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: The narrow emission and absorption lines in Nova RS Ophiuchi 1958 Authors: Folkart, B.; Pecker, J. -C.; Pottasch, S. R. Bibcode: 1965nns..conf...50F Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: The Balmer line profiles in Nova RS Ophiuchi, 1958 Authors: Folkart, B.; Pecker, J. -C.; Pottasch, S. R. Bibcode: 1964AnAp...27..249F Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Sur une interprétation possible de la phase oscillatoire des novae Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1964AnAp...27..287P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: The narrow emission and absorption lines in Nova RS Ophiuchi Authors: Folkart, B.; Pecker, J. -C.; Pottasch, S. R. Bibcode: 1964AnAp...27..252F Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Note sur l'utilisation des courbes de croissance Authors: Gökdoǧan, N.; Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1964AnAp...27..417G Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Le Spectre Ultraviolet des Etoiles Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1963SSRv....1..729P Altcode: Le spectre ultraviolet des etoiles Title: Sur une généralisation de la théorie de Milne-Eddington des courbes de croissance Authors: Dubois-Salmon, Alain; Gökdogan, N. üzhet; Pecker, Jean Claude. Bibcode: 1963NoPar...4.....D Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: The Interpretation of the UV Spectrum of Stars Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1963spre.conf.1076P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Le spectre UV des étoiles et son intérpretation Authors: Pecker, Jean Claude. Bibcode: 1963NoPar...1....5P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Relation of Corona to Prominences; Ionization and Excitation of the Corona; Identification of Coronal lines. Discussion Leader: Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1963IAUS...16..285P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: L'observatoire de Nice et son avenir Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1963LAstr..77...24P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Le spectre ultraviolet des étoiles Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1962LAstr..76..307P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Écarts à l'équilibre et abondances dans les photosphères solaires et stellaires. - VII. Les écarts à l'ETL dans le cas du Fer Authors: Gökdoǧan, N.; Hotinli, M.; Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1962AnAp...25..324G Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Etude sommaire des fonctions Jm=[integral symbol]b0s[ infinity symbol] gcs (x,a)e-x/[eta]b0s xmdx. Authors: Gökdogan, N. üzhet; Pecker, Jean Claude. Bibcode: 1962NoPar...2.....G Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: L'astronomie et la recherche spatiale Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1962C&T....78..161P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Le Spectre ultra-violet du Soleil Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1961LAstr..75..307P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Écarts à l'équilibre et abondances dans les photosphères solaire et stellaires. VI. La variation des intensités centrales des raies métalliques entre le centre et le bord du Soleil Authors: Lefèvre, J.; Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1961AnAp...24..238L Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Profondeur de formation dans le spectre solaire. - II Tables de profondeur de formation et courbes iso -τ* Authors: Dumont, S.; Laloux, R.; Mouëllic, L.; Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1961AnAp...24..328D Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: L'évolution des étoiles Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1961LAstr..75..141P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Equipment et Projets Francais. Rapport Authors: Blamont, Jacques; Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1961LIACo..10...45B Altcode: 1961LIACo..10...41B; 1961MSRSL...4...41B No abstract at ADS Title: La Prediction du Spectre Ultraviolet des Etoiles et du Soleil. Rapport introductif Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1961LIACo..10..487P Altcode: 1961LIACo..10..485P; 1961MSRSL...4..485P No abstract at ADS Title: Les déterminations d'abondances et leurs exigences expérimentales Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1960AnAp...23..366P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Influence des inhomogénéités sur l'intensit&eacute centrale des raies de Fraunhofer Authors: Cuny, Y.; Lefèvre, J.; Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1960AnAp...23..923C Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Écarts à l'équilibre et abondances dans les photosphères solaire et stellaires. - II. Les cas des atomes neutres de titane, vanadium, chrome dans l'atmosphère solaire Authors: Pecker, J. -C.; Vogel, L. Bibcode: 1960AnAp...23..594P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Profondeur de formation dans le spectre solaire. - I. Application à l'inversion de la relation de Laplace Authors: Dumont, S.; Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1960AnAp...23..655D Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Écarts à l'équilibre et abondances dans les photosphères solaire et stellaires. - III. Écarts à l'ETL dans la bande CH 4300 (cas solaire) Authors: Eugène-Praderie, F.; Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1960AnAp...23..622E Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Questions of general background and methodology relating to aerodynamic phenomena in stellar atmospheres - Summary-introduction Authors: Pecker, J. -C.; Thomas, R. N. Bibcode: 1960IAUS...12....1P Altcode: 1960IAUS...12Q...1. No abstract at ADS Title: Buchbesprechungen über: Astrophysique Générale (Ref. K. H. BÖHM) Authors: Pecker, J. C.; Schatzman, E. Bibcode: 1960ZA.....50...76P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: The Orien book of the sky. Authors: Pecker, Jean Claude Bibcode: 1960obk..book.....P Altcode: 1960QB44.P423...... No abstract at ADS Title: Écarts à l'équilibre et abondances dans les photosphères solaire et stellaires: I. Le spectre du Titane neutre. Écarts à l'E. T. L. Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1959AnAp...22..499P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: 34. La zone convective des etoiles: rapport introductif Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1959LIACo...9..343P Altcode: 1959MSRSL...3..343P No abstract at ADS Title: Astrophysique generale Authors: Pecker, J. C.; Schatzman, E. Bibcode: 1959asge.book.....P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Activité solaire et magnétisme terrestre Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1958LAstr..72..485P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Part VIII: Summaries and Conclusions Authors: Burgers, J. M.; Liepmann, H.; van de Hulst, H. C.; Kahn, F. D.; Seaton, M. J.; Pecker, J. C.; Schatzman, E.; Spitzer, L., Jr. Bibcode: 1958RvMP...30.1095B Altcode: 1958IAUS....8.1095B No abstract at ADS Title: La détermination de la composition chimique des étoiles et du Soleil Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1958LAstr..72...93P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Les systèmes planétaires dans I'Univers Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1958LAstr..72...61P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Le rayonnement radioélectrique du soleil à différentes phases du cycle solaire Authors: Débarbat, S.; Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1958AnAp...21..250D Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: L'Interpretation des Variations des Bandes Moleculaires Entre le Centre et le Bord du Disque Solaire Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1957LIACo...7..332P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Les Constantes de Dissociation des Molecules Diatomiques D'Interet Astrophysique Authors: Pecker, J. C.; Peuchot, M. Bibcode: 1957LIACo...7..352P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Du Soleil à la Terre Authors: Pecker, J. -C. Bibcode: 1956LAstr..70...27P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: The Thermodynamic State of the Outer Solar Atmosphere. III, IV, and V. Authors: Athay, S.; Matsushima, R. G.; Athay, R. N.; Thomas, R. G.; Menzel, D. H.; Pecker, J. -C.; Thomas, R. N. Bibcode: 1955ApJ...121..775A Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: The Thermodynamic State of the Outer Solar ATMOSPHERE.V.A.MODEL of the Chromosphere from the Continuum Emission. Authors: Athay, R. G.; Menzel, D. H.; Pecker, J. -C.; Thomas, R. N. Bibcode: 1955ApJS....1..505A Altcode: Four semi-independent analyses of 1952 eclipse data contribute to a determination of n and T in the solar chromosphere in the height range from -120 km to 6000 km: (1) The intensity of the continuous emission at X 4700 indicates that T, increases with height from about 4800 at - 65 km. (2) The emission, per cubic centimeter, in the Balmer continuum attains a maximum near 500 km, which indicates that here the free electrons begin to come mainly from H rather than from metals, and thus places the limits: 5000 < T < 7000 , 4 X 1011 <n < S X 1011 at this height. (3) The intensities of the continuum at X 4700 and X 3640 require values of T as follows: 5000 at 500 km, 6100 at 1000 km, and 6700 at 3000 kin. In the interval 1()()( 3000 kin the ionization of H increases from about 3 to about 80 per cent. (4) Above 3000 kin no data on the Balmer free-bound continuum exist, and an extension of the results of 3 to greater heights requires the use of the height gradient of the Balmer lines to replace that of the continuum. Such a technique fixes T only within certain limits, which, at 6000 km, are: 2 X 10 < T < 1.2 X 10 . The chief uncertainty of the analysis lies in the use of the assumption of a continuous distribution of material in the atmosphere. The results of the analysis suggest the validity of such assumption below about 2500 kin, and its breakdown above about 3000 km. An estimate of optical depth in the continuum, from the present analysis, at a height of 500 km produces a value agreeing well with an estimate based on the analysis of the lines. Title: Solar Corpuscles Responsible for Geomagnetic Disturbances Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude; Roberts, Walter Orr Bibcode: 1955JGR....60...33P Altcode: A qualitative hypothesis is given that attributes recurrent "M-region" geomagnetic disturbances to the arrival at the earth of solar corpuscles that have been gathered into beams by the deflecting action of coronal-region fields, presumably magnetic, associated with centers of heightened solar activity. The hypothesis identifies the source of solar corpuscles that produces M-region magnetic disturbances with "quiet areas" of the solar surface. A related hypothesis associates non-recurrent magnetic storms, the greatest ones, with a different solar corpuscular source, found in the active region itself. Title: CN Bands in the Chromosphere. Authors: Pecker, J. -C.; Athay, R. G. Bibcode: 1955ApJ...121..391P Altcode: CN bands are observed in emission in the chromosphere between the photospheric limb and a height of 750 km. Spectrograms obtained by the High Altitude Observatory at the Khartoum eclipse in 1952 showed a scale height of 210 km for the intensity of the emission in the 2 2 (0, 0) band at X 3883. The emission spectrum at 100 km gives a rotation temperature of 4500 , and the photospheric absorption spectrum in the Utrecht Atlas gives a rotation temperature of 4000 . At eclipse heights other than 100 km, the data were used to determine the temperature gradient. The rotation temperature was found to increase with height. Photospheric and chromospheric models were used to predict the absolute intensity of the CN emission in this band. The predicted intensity was less than the observed intensity by a tactor of 20. The discrepancy was accounted for by uncertainties in the absorption coefficient, which was obtained from a study of the absorption profile in the Utrecht Atlas. Title: Le rôle des raies formées par diffusion dans l'effet de << blanketing >> Authors: Pecker, Jean Claude Bibcode: 1955AnAp...18..145P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: The Prominence of July 25, 1951. Authors: Rothschild, Kurt; Pecker, Jean-Claude; Roberts, Walter Orr Bibcode: 1955ApJ...121..224R Altcode: The motions of 49 knots in the large prominence of July 25, 1951, have been measured. For 17 of them, a definite variation of acceleration vectors has been found. The dynamics of the motion still remains obscure. It seems difficult to represent them by a coherent field of forces. Moreover, gravity seems to play no role in this prominence. Title: Sur le rayonnement des Céphéides Authors: Canavaggia, R.; Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1955AnAp...18..151C Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: A model of the chromosphere from 1952 eclipse data. Authors: Athay, R. G.; Pecker, J. C.; Thomas, R. N.; Menzel, D. H. Bibcode: 1954AJ.....59..314A Altcode: An analysis of the Balmer free-bound emission at X3640 and the continuum intensities at ~4700 was carried out using data from the slitless spectrograms obtained by the High Altitude Observatory at Khartoum, Sudan. The data gave intensities at X3640 and ~4700 at intervals of approximately 100 km between 0 and 2400 km above the limb and intensities at X4700 at many additional heights between 2400 and 48,000 km. The Balmer line data, which extended from 100 to 6400 km, was used to supplement the free- bound data for heights between 2400 and 6000 km. Values of electron density, Ne, and kinetic temperature, Te, were determined at heights between 0 and 6000 km. The analysis was based on the assumption of a homogeneous chromosphere, with Ne and Te depending upon height only. The continuum at X4700 was assumed to come from H- emission and electron scattering of photospheric light. The results of the analysis of the continuum data gave a chromospheric model that could be divided into three distinct regions with the following properties: Region I (o to 500 km). In this region Te increases from 50000K at the photospheric limb (tangential optical depth I, radial optical depth 0.005) to 600&K at 500 km. Hydrogen begins to ionize near the top of this region with NpHNe. This result is consistent with a marked increase with height of the quantity NeNpTJ in the region near 500 km, which was inferred from the Balmer free-bound and line emission. Thus it appears that the "boundary temperature," T,nin~42000K, occurs below a radial optical depth of 0.005. Region 2 (1000 to 3500 km). The ionization of hydrogen increases from 5 per cent at the base to 99 per cent at the top of this region. Te increases slowly from 60000K to > 70000 K. The low gradient of Te suggests that the external energy supply suffices only for the ionization. Region 3 (~3500 km up). Further ionization of hydrogen is negligible and a large rise in Te occurs. The free-bound emission is too weak to measure in this region and an accurate evaluation of Te is difficult. An extrapolation of the free- bound intensities to 6000 km based on the ob- served intensities of the Balmer lines between 2400 and 6400 km gives Te 7 X io40K. The analysis allowed an accurate determination of Te in the region ~1500 km, and the probable errors in the data plus the errors introduced in the analytical procedures were not likely to cause errors of more than ~3000 in Te. However, in higher regions the values of Te were quite sensitive to the analytical procedures at~d errors of a factor 2 in Te are possible. The eclipse spectrograms at heights above 5500 km show Ha, and all other strong chromospheric lines that persist to these heights, as irregular beaded structures. This irregular structure is presumably due to spicule activity at these heights and requires the consideration of a non-uniform chromospheric model, at least in the upper levels of the chromosphere. A study of the Fe xi line at X7892 on the eclipse spectrograms showed that there was strong emission in this line at heights well below 10,000 km and suggested that the emission started in the regions where the chromospheric lines break up into a spicule structure. The work reported in this paper was supported by the Office of Naval Research and carried out in close cooperation with the Naval Research Laboratory. High A ititude Observatory, Boulder, Colo. and Harvard College Observatory, Cambridge, Mass. Title: Solar corpuscles responsible for geomagnetic disturbances. Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude; Roberts, Walter Orr Bibcode: 1954AJ.....59..330P Altcode: Some years ago C. W. Allen presented all extensive analysis of geomagnetic storms, and offered suggestions for their explanation in terms of streams of corpuscles originating in the sun.' We offer a qualitative hypothesis, that incorporates Allen's suggestions and identifies the solar source of corpuscular emission responsible both for recurrent and non-recurrent geomagnetic disturbances. We postulate two different types of solar sources of such particles as follows: (a) Small jets of corpuscles, distributed in a fine network all over the surface of the sun, and presumably associated with chromospheric spicules or photospheric granules. These jets, in the absence of deflecting solar magnetic fields, would send radial streams of corpuscles in all directions; the streams would be present at all times, regardless of the state of solar activity. In the presence of deflecting magnetic fields from active centers, and the general magnetic field of the sun, the corpuscles are deflected to form the streams responsible for the recurrent "M-region" geomagnetic disturbances. (b) Irregular streams of ions associated with active regions, and probably most intense at the time of solar flares. Not all active centers have such streams present at all times, and there is probably also a large dispersion of particle velocities and stream energies for this type of corpuscular stream. We present evidence from a study of geomagnetic disturbances in 1952-53 to support the hypothesis of the formation of recurrent magnetic storms by particle streams of the first type. In particular we find evidence that above certain active regions there is a "cone of avoidance" with low particle density. The center of the cone reaches earth three days later. We also show that there is some evidence that at the edges of the cone-of-avoidance the deficiency of corpuscles is compensated by regions with an excess particle density. The hypothesis is in accord with the explanation we gave earlier for the formation of the K component of the white light corona,' here associated with the solar-terrestrial corpuscular beams. The hypothesis suggests that daily coronagraphic observation of the white light corona may prove of great value for prediction of the times of occurrence of geomagnetic storms and associated phenomena. This work was supported by the Air Force Cambridge Research Center, Geophysical Research Directorate, Air Research and Development Command. 5.M. N. 104, 53, 5944. 2.Roberts, W. 0., R. Grenchik, and D. E. Billings, A. f. 58, 225, 5953. High Altitude Observatory, Boulder, Colo. Title: L'Astronomie Au Jour le Jour Authors: Couderc, Paul; Pecker, Jean-Claude; Schatzman, Evry Bibcode: 1954ajj..book.....C Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: I Observations photométriques et polarimétriques de la Couronne externe Authors: Michard, R.; Dollfus, A.; Pecker, J. C.; Laffineur, M.; D'Azambuja, M. Bibcode: 1954AnAp...17..320M Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: III Observations radioélectriques de la Couronne Authors: Laffineur, M.; Michard, R.; Pecker, J. C.; Vauquois, B. Bibcode: 1954AnAp...17..358L Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: II Photographies monochromatiques de la Couronne Authors: Michard, R.; Dollfus, A.; Pecker, J. C.; Laffineur, M.; D'Azambuja, M. Bibcode: 1954AnAp...17..345M Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Observations optiques et radioélectriques de l'éclipse totale de Soleil du 25 février 1952 Authors: Laffineur, M.; Michard, R.; Pecker, J. C.; Dollfus, A.; Vauquois, B.; D'Azambuja, M. Bibcode: 1954AnAp...17..317L Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Le rôle du gradient de température dans la détermination des abondances Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1954LIACo...5..449P Altcode: 1954pna..conf..449P; 1954MSRSL...1..449P No abstract at ADS Title: L'exploitation des spectres stellaires Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1953LAstr..67..117P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Les Géantes Jaunes. II. Spectres continus Authors: Canavaggia, Renée; Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1953AnAp...16...47C Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: La mesure de la largeur équivalente d'une raie spectrale. L'influence du pouvoir de résolution Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude; van Regemorter, Henri Bibcode: 1952AnAp...15..363P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Les géantes jaunes. I. Modèles d'atmosphères Authors: Canavaggia, Renée; Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1952AnAp...15..260C Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Un phénomène d'Optique atmosphérique : Mirages sur l'Océan Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1951LAstr..65..383P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Les atmosphères stellaires Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1951LAstr..65...57P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Interprétation des Mesures de Vitesses Radiales dans les Granules Solaires Authors: de Jager, C.; Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1951CRASB.232.1645D Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Contribution à la théorie du type spectral: IV. La formation des raies dans les spectres stellaires Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1951AnAp...14..115P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Le calcul des fortes raies d'absorption dans les spectres stellaires Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1951AnAp...14..383P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Contribution à la théorie du type spectral: V. Le << blanketing effect >> et la structure de la photosphère solaire Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1951AnAp...14..152P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Contribution à la théorie du type spectral. III. Construction de modèles d'étoile B Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1950AnAp...13..433P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Contribution à la théorie du type spectral: II. La polarisation par les électrons libres et le type spectral Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1950AnAp...13..319P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Contribution à la théorie du type spectral: I. Introduction générale, La construction des modèles d'atmosphère Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1950AnAp...13..294P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Les Atmosphere Stellaires Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1950LAstr..64..471P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Contribution à la théorie du type spectral Title: Contribution à la théorie du type spectral Title: Contribution to the theory of spectral class; Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1950PhDT........20P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: The theoretical intensities of faint Fraunhofer lines (third paper). Weighting functions for different points of the solar disk Authors: Pecker, J. C. Bibcode: 1949BAN....11...43P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Variations des raies de CH sur le disque solaire Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1949AnAp...12....9P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Variations de certaines raies de Swan du carbone du centre au bord du disque solaire Authors: Pecker, Charlotte; Pecker, Jean-Claude Bibcode: 1949AnAp...12..197P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Sur la répartition des bandes de CN et CH sur le disque solaire Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude; Peyturaux, Roger Bibcode: 1948AnAp...11...90P Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: La composition chimique des étoiles (Hydrogène, Hélium) Authors: Pecker, Jean-Claude; Schaztman, Evry Bibcode: 1947AnAp...10..181P Altcode: No abstract at ADS