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Author name code: tapping
ADS astronomy entries on 2022-09-14
author:Tapping, K.F.

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Title: Solar Quiet (Sq) Waveform Interpolation in the Eigenspace
    and Its Applications
Authors: Li, Qingmou; Boteler, David; Tapping, Kenneth
2021AGUFMSH35H..10L    Altcode:
  Solar Quiet (Sq) waveforms recorded at ground geomagnetic stations
  reflect solar-terrestrial interactions and have applications
  in understanding solar irradiation and dynamo action in the
  ionosphere. Naturally, due to no data being available on active
  days, Sq records inherently contain gaps. However, currently
  available interpolation methods can only handle, by their designation,
  point-oriented or scattered observations. Interpolating the Sq variation
  with time including the estimated underlying Sq values in the presence
  of activity is difficult. In this approach, we develop an interpolation
  method, which extracts and uses the temporal patterns in interpolations
  to address these requirements. Using this together with the magnetic
  quiet days identified using the aa-index, we have processed the ground
  geomagnetic observations recorded in Ottawa, Canada during 1968-2019. We
  find that our interpolation method is very successful in extracting
  full waveforms of temporal modes in Sq. Also, the residuals between
  the observed and interpolated values using our algorithm assessment
  procedure are acceptable statistically. The Sq signal is highly
  auto-correlated, the first eigenvalue or eigenvector owns 99.999%
  of total energy, which assures the success of our algorithm. The
  algorithm is also able to separate secular and seasonal components
  hidden in Sq. We further find that the residuals have high correlation
  with magnetic activity index, such as the ap index, which means that
  this method can play an important role in separating the quiet and
  disturbed components of geomagnetic activity.

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Title: Radio Astronomy and Radio Sources
Authors: Tapping, Ken; Pett, Hugh
2018obha.book..338P    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Solar Activity
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2018obha.book..189T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Changing Relationships Between Sunspot Number, Total Sunspot
    Area and F<SUB>10.7</SUB> in Cycles 23 and 24
Authors: Tapping, Ken; Morgan, Carly
2017SoPh..292...73T    Altcode:
  This article is an update of a study (Tapping and Valdès in Solar
  Phys.272, 337, 2011) made in the early part of Cycle 24 using
  an intercomparison of various solar activity indices (including
  sunspot number and the 10.7 cm solar radio flux), in which it was
  concluded that a change in the relationship between photospheric and
  chromospheric/coronal activity took place just after the maximum of
  Cycle 23 and continued into Cycle 24. Precursors (short-term variations)
  were detected in Cycles 21 and 22. Since then the sunspot number index
  data have been substantially revised. This study is intended to be an
  update of the earlier study and to assess the impact of the revision
  of the sunspot number data upon those conclusions. This study compares
  original and revised sunspot number, total sunspot area, and 10.7
  cm solar radio flux. The conclusion is that the transient changes in
  Cycles 21 and 22, and the more substantial change in Cycle 23, remain
  evident. Cycle 24 shows indications that the deviation was probably
  another short-term one.

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Title: Solar Activity
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2017obha.book..189T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Radio Astronomy and Radio Sources
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2016obha.book..338T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Solar Activity
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2016obha.book..189T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Solar Activity
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2015obha.book..189T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Radio Astronomy and Radio Sources
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2015obha.book..338T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Radio Astronomy and Radio Sources
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2014obha.book..338T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Solar Activity
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2014obha.book..189T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: The Next Generation of Canadian Solar Flux Monitoring
Authors: Tapping, Kenneth F.; Morton, Donald C.
2013JPhCS.440a2039T    Altcode:
  The 10.7 cm solar radio flux (F10.7), provided by the National Research
  Council of Canada since 1947, is widely used as an index of solar
  activity and as a proxy for other solar quantities that are harder to
  measure. Over recent years needs have arisen that are difficult to meet
  with solar flux measurements at a single wavelength. F10.7 comprises
  contributions from multiple emission mechanisms. To separate these,
  multi-wavelength measurements are needed. A new instrument is under
  construction that will measure fluxes precisely in six bands at 2.8,
  3.6, 6.0, 10.7, 18 and 21 cm.

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Title: Radio Sources
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2013obha.book..338T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Solar Activity
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2013obha.book..189T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Radio Sources
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2012obha.book..338T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Solar Activity
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2012obha.book..193T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: The Solar Cycle 23 - 24 Minimum. A Benchmark in Solar
    Variability and Effects in the Heliosphere
Authors: White, O.; Kopp, G.; Snow, M.; Tapping, K.
2011SoPh..274..159W    Altcode:
  Given the numerous ground-based and space-based experiments producing
  the database for the Cycle 23 - 24 Minimum epoch from September 2008
  to May 2009, we have an extraordinary opportunity to understand its
  effects throughout the heliosphere. We use solar radiative output
  in this period to obtain minimum values for three measures of the
  Sun's radiative output: the total solar irradiance, the Mg II index,
  and the 10.7 cm solar radio flux. The derived values are included in
  the research summaries as a means to exchange ideas and data for this
  long minimum in solar activity.

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Title: Did the Sun Change Its Behaviour During the Decline of Cycle
    23 and Into Cycle 24?
Authors: Tapping, K. F.; Valdés, J. J.
2011SoPh..272..337T    Altcode:
  The activity minimum between the end of cycle 23 and the beginning
  of cycle 24 was the longest and deepest since at least the beginning
  of the 20th century. This has led to speculation that the Sun is
  changing its behaviour. The sunspot number and 10.7-cm solar radio flux
  indices have traditionally been highly correlated, so a change in the
  relationship between them might flag at such a change. An examination
  of this relationship suggests a significant change in the relationship
  between activity in the photosphere and in the chromosphere/corona
  happened soon after the maximum of cycle 23 and has continued into
  cycle 24. However, there are indications of change as early as 1980.

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Title: Solar Activity
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2011obha.book..192T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Radio Sources
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2011obha.book..341T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Solar Activity
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2010obha.book..187T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Radio Sources
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2010obha.book..329T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Solar Activity
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2009obha.book..193T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Radio Sources
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2009obha.book..335T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Solar Activity
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2008obha.book..180T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Radio protection zone evaluation at the Dominion Radio
    Astrophysical Observatory
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2008cosp...37.3150T    Altcode: 2008cosp.meet.3150T
  Increasing use of the radio spectrum by licensed and unlicensed
  devices, together with the encroachment of housing developments are an
  issue facing many radio observatories, including the Dominion Radio
  Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO), located near Penticton in Southern
  British Columbia. A joint study by Industry Canada (Canada's national
  spectrum manager), and the National Research Council (Operator of
  DRAO) is currently in progress to examine protection zone needs and
  the reliability of the definitions of the zone, and the general level
  of background noise from growing local communities. The objectives
  are to produce a definition of a protection zone that is useful in
  spectrum management to protect the observatory, and to establish how
  much local community development is acceptable if the observatory is
  to remain a viable location for radio astronomical observations. This
  presentation will summarize the results so far in this ongoing study.

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Title: Radio Sources
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2008obha.book..308T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Solar Magnetic Activity and Total Irradiance Since the
    Maunder Minimum
Authors: Tapping, K. F.; Boteler, D.; Charbonneau, P.; Crouch, A.;
   Manson, A.; Paquette, H.
2007SoPh..246..309T    Altcode:
  We develop a model for estimating solar total irradiance since 1600
  AD using the sunspot number record as input, since this is the only
  intrinsic record of solar activity extending back far enough in
  time. Sunspot number is strongly correlated, albeit nonlinearly with
  the 10.7-cm radio flux (F<SUB>10.7</SUB>), which forms a continuous
  record back to 1947. This enables the nonlinear relationship to be
  estimated with usable accuracy and shows that relationship to be
  consistent over multiple solar activity cycles. From the sunspot
  number record we estimate F<SUB>10.7</SUB> values back to 1600
  AD. F<SUB>10.7</SUB> is linearly correlated with the total amount of
  magnetic flux in active regions, and we use it as input to a simple
  cascade model for the other magnetic flux components. The irradiance
  record is estimated by using these magnetic flux components plus
  a very rudimentary model for the modulation of energy flow to the
  photosphere by the subphotospheric magnetic flux reservoir feeding the
  photospheric magnetic structures. Including a Monte Carlo analysis of
  the consequences of measurement and fitting errors, the model indicates
  the mean irradiance during the Maunder Minimum was about 1 ± 0.4 W
  m<SUP>−2</SUP> lower than the mean irradiance over the last solar
  activity cycle.

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Title: Radio Sources
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2007obha.book..273T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Solar Activity
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2007obha.book..159T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Radio Sources
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2006obha.book..289T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Solar Activity
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2006obha.book..175T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Sunspot fragmentation and total solar irradiance modelling
Authors: Crouch, A. D.; Charbonneau, P.; Tapping, K. F.; Paquin-Ricard,
   D.
2005AGUSMSH23B..03C    Altcode:
  Observational evidence suggests that sunspot decay is due, at least
  in part, to a fragmentation process. We have developed a model for
  this, where the sunspot fragmentation produces an ensemble of small
  scale magnetic flux tubes, which themselves can remain at the surface
  for many days. The number of sunspots emerging at the solar surface
  varies over the 11 year solar activity cycle. Consequently, the size
  distribution of magnetic structures is also modulated by the cycle. The
  simplicity of our model allows us to track the evolution of this
  distribution over very long time scales (many solar cycles). There are
  several applications for such a model. For example, to the total solar
  irradiance, which also varies over the solar cycle. Broadly speaking,
  the irradiance contribution from different magnetic features depends
  on their size (large features, such as sunspots, are dark, whereas
  small flux tubes tend to be bright). By combining this property with
  our sunspot fragmentation model, we show that the resultant system
  can produce an irradiance contribution that behaves very much like the
  observed total solar irradiance. Our model has several input parameters
  (one crucial example is the actual relationship between the size of a
  magnetic feature and its brightness). We have used a genetic algorithm
  to adjust the parameters in order to optimize the agreement between
  our model and the observations. Will we discuss those results and
  also comment on the contribution our model makes to the weak field
  component of solar magnetic flux budget.

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Title: Solar Activity
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2005obha.book..106T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Radio Sources
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2005obha.book..289T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Radio Sources
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2004obha.book..289T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Solar Activity
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2004obha.book..104T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Tracing space weather disturbances from the Sun through to
    their effects on the ground
Authors: Boteler, D. H.; Tapping, K. F.
2004cosp...35.4052B    Altcode: 2004cosp.meet.4052B
  Recordings from the RTSN and Penticton radio telescopes are used to
  investigate the solar eruptions that gave rise to major magnetic
  disturbances and power system problems on the Earth. Radio flux
  measurements provide valuable information on the timing and speed of
  eruptions rising from the Sun's surface. Using the delays in increased
  flux at different frequencies we determine the speed of eruptions up
  through different heights in the solar atmosphere. These speeds provide
  a guide to when each eruption should arrive at the earth which can
  be correlated with times of geomagnetic disturbances. Times of shock
  arrivals and the subsequent evolution of the geomagnetic disturbance
  are examined to identify the specific causes of power system problems
  on the ground.

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Title: Book Review: The enigma of sunspots / Floris Books, 2002
Authors: Tapping, Ken
2003Obs...123..233T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: S-Component Sources at 21 cm Wavelength in the Rising Phase
    of Cycle 23
Authors: Tapping, K. F.; Cameron, H. T.; Willis, A. G.
2003SoPh..215..357T    Altcode:
  The Synthesis Radio Telescope at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical
  Observatory is being used to make a long-term study of the relationship
  between sources of the slowly-varying component at 21-cm wavelength
  and the active regions with which they are associated. Although the
  arc-minute angular resolution of the radio telescope is insufficient
  to map individual active regions, the unique capability of this radio
  telescope to map the whole solar disc in a single operation makes
  it useful for identifying and measuring sources of the slowly-varying
  component, which at this wavelength are largely due to free-free thermal
  emission from plasma concentrations trapped in active region magnetic
  fields. The brightness temperatures of the emission are higher in
  large, complex active regions, suggesting the plasma slab producing
  the emission is thicker and/or denser in such regions. We find also
  that the relationship between the brightness temperature and the size
  and complexity of the host region is a function of the phase of the
  10-13-year solar activity cycle.

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Title: Sources of the Slowly-Varying Component of Solar Microwave
    Emission and their Relationship with their Host Active Regions
Authors: Tapping, K. F.; Zwaan, C.
2001SoPh..199..317T    Altcode:
  Daily surveys of the solar disc made at 2.8 cm wavelength over
  the period 1-13 November 1981, complemented by magnetograms and
  Hα filtergrams, are used to examine the relationship between
  sources of the slowly varying component of solar radio emission and
  properties of their host regions. Two classes of source are noted:
  diffuse and compact. Sources are designated compact when smaller than
  40”. The diffuse sources may be explained in terms of free - free
  thermal emission from trapped plasma in loops overlying the active
  region. The great majority of compact sources can be accounted for in
  terms of gyroresonance from thermal electrons in the strong magnetic
  fields overlying sunspots. A small minority are less amenable to
  this explanation. They are associated with magnetic complexity and
  dynamism, lie close to magnetic polarity reversals, and could be
  non-thermal. Microwave sources are an evolutionary feature common to
  all but the smallest active regions.

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Title: Solar Activity Indices
Authors: Tapping, K.
2000eaa..bookE2047T    Altcode:
  Solar activity is driven by the temporally and spatially varying
  distribution of magnetic flux in the photosphere, chromosphere and
  corona. It covers a range of phenomena at all levels in the solar
  atmosphere and time-scales ranging from seconds and minutes (SOLAR
  FLARES and SOLAR CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS), through months (the evolution
  of ACTIVE REGIONS and SOLAR ACTIVITY COMPLEXES), to the 11 (or...

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Title: The Low-Resolution DRAO Survey of H I Emission from the
    Galactic Plane
Authors: Higgs, L. A.; Tapping, K. F.
2000AJ....120.2471H    Altcode:
  A survey of H I line emission in the Galactic plane from Galactic
  longitude l=72.2d to 149° 0, and latitude b=-5.4d to 7.2d, has been
  made using the 26-m Telescope at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical
  Observatory. Spectra were observed at 0.2d intervals of longitude
  and latitude, providing a survey which is fully sampled in the spatial
  domain. A detailed study of the antenna characteristics of the telescope
  allowed the correction of the spectra for stray radiation. The spectral
  resolution is 1.32 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>, and the LSR velocity range is
  -260 to 161 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>. The final spectra have an estimated
  T<SUB>b</SUB> scaling accuracy of 1% and an estimated rms noise in one
  channel (0.8245 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>) of 0.25 K. A region of suspected
  strong H I self-absorption at l~92<SUP>deg</SUP>, b~3<SUP>deg</SUP>,
  has been identified. Comparison with spectra from the Leiden/Dwingeloo
  Survey is used to estimate the overall accuracy of the stray radiation
  corrections. This comparison also shows that a small percentage (~1%)
  of the spectra in the latter survey suffer from calibration errors
  exceeding 10%. A table of positions of the more discordant spectra
  is given.

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Title: The Canadian Galactic Plane Survey - Phase 2.
Authors: Landecker, T. L.; Knee, L. B. G.; Brunt, C.; Dewdney, P. E.;
   Dougherty, S. M.; Galt, J. A.; Gray, A. D.; Higgs, L. A.; Kothes, R.;
   Purton, C. R.; Roger, R. S.; Tapping, K.; Wallace, B. J.; Willis,
   A. G.; Brown, J. C.; Gibson, S. J.; Leahy, D. A.; Peracaula, M.;
   Taylor, A. R.; Wilder, S.; Foster, T.; Routledge, D.; Vaneldik, J. F.;
   McCutcheon, W. H.; Basu, S.; Johnstone, D. I.; Kerton, C.; Martin,
   P. G.; Cazzolato, F.; Gagnon, E.; Germain, S.; Ghazzali, N.; Godbout,
   S.; Joncas, G.; Maschenko, S. Y.; Miville-Deschènes, M. -A.; Pineault,
   S.; Carignan, C.; St-Louis, N.; Christie, R. A.; Irwin, J. A.; Brar,
   R.; Fich, M.; Zhang, X. -Z.; Heiles, C. E.; Normandeau, M.; Terebey,
   S.; Heyer, M. H.; Wendker, H. J.; Beichman, C. A.; Moriarty-Schieven,
   G. H.; Green, D. A.; Duric, N.; English, J.
1999JRASC..93..182L    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Studies of changing patterns of solar activity using the DRAO
    Synthesis Radio Telescope.
Authors: Tapping, K.; Burke, I.; Cameron, H.; Harvey, K.; Zwaan, C.
1999JRASC..93Q.186T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: Obituary notice: John R. Smith, 1924-1998
Authors: Tapping, K.
1999JBAA..109...98T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: The Sun's energy output and the 10.7 cm flux.
Authors: Tapping, K. F.
1998JRASC..92Q.319T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: The Canadian Galactic plane survey.
Authors: Taylor, A. R.; Gibson, S.; Leahy, D.; Peracaula, M.;
   Dougherty, S.; Carignan, C.; St-Louis, N.; Fich, M.; Ghazzali, N.;
   Joncas, G.; Pineault, S.; Mashchenko, S.; Irwin, J.; English, J.;
   Heiles, C.; Normandeau, M.; Martin, P.; Johnstone, D.; Basu, S.;
   McCutcheon, W.; Routledge, D.; Vaneldik, F.; Dewdney, P.; Galt, J.;
   Gray, A.; Higgs, L.; Knee, L.; Landecker, T.; Purton, C.; Roger,
   R. S.; Tapping, K.; Wallace, B.; Willis, T.; Beichman, C.; Duric,
   N.; Green, D.; Heyer, M.; Wendker, H.; Zhang, Xizhen
1998JRASC..92R.319T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: The Canadian Galactic Plane Survey
Authors: English, J.; Taylor, A. R.; Irwin, J. A.; Dougherty, S. M.;
   Basu, S.; Beichman, C.; Brown, J.; Cao, Y.; Carignan, C.; Crabtree,
   D.; Dewdney, P.; Duric, N.; Fich, M.; Gagnon, E.; Galt, J.; Germain,
   S.; Ghazzali, N.; Gibson, S. J.; Godbout, S.; Gray, A.; A. Green, D.;
   Heiles, C.; Heyer, M.; Higgs, L.; Jean, S.; Johnstone, D.; Joncas,
   G.; Landecker, T.; Langer, W.; Leahy, D.; Martin, P.; Matthews, H.;
   McCutcheon, W.; Moriarity-Scheiven, G.; Pineault, S.; Purton, C.;
   Roger, R.; Routledge, D.; St-Louis, N.; Tapping, K.; Terebey, S.;
   Vaneldik, F.; Watson, D.; Wendker, H.; Willis, T.; Zhang, X.
1998PASA...15...56E    Altcode:
  The Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO) is carrying out a
  survey as part of an international collaboration to image the northe,
  at a common resolution, in emission from all major constituents of
  the interstellar medium; the neutral atomic gas, the molecular gas,
  the ionised gas, dust and relativistic plasma. For many of these
  constituents the angular resolution of the images (1 arcmin) will
  be more than a factor of 10 better than any previous studies. The
  aim is to produce a publicly-available database of high resolution,
  high-dynamic range images of the Galaxy for multi-phase studies of
  the physical states and processes in the interstellar medium. We
  will sketch the main scientific motivations as well as describe some
  preliminary results from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey/Releve
  Canadien du Plan Galactique (CGPS/RCPG).

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Title: The low-resolution DRAO survey of H I emission from the
    Galactic plane.
Authors: Higgs, L. A.; Davies, M.; Galt, J. A.; Hovey, G. J.; Knee,
   L. B. G.; Tapping, K. F.; Willis, A. G.
1998JRASC..92R..29H    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: The Canadian Galactic Plane Survey.
Authors: Gibson, S.; Taylor, A. R.; Leahy, A.; Dougherty, S.;
   Carignan, C.; St. -Louis, N.; Fich, M.; Ghazzali, N.; Joncas, G.;
   Pineault, S.; Normandeau, M.; Heiles, C.; Irwin, J.; English, J.;
   Martin, P.; Johnstone, D.; Basu, S.; McCutcheon, W.; Routledge, D.;
   Vaneldik, F.; Dewdney, P.; Galt, J.; Gray, A.; Higgs, L.; Knee, L.;
   Landecker, T.; Purton, C.; Roger, R. S.; Tapping, K.; Willis, T.;
   Moriarty-Schieven, G.; Beichman, C.; Terebey, S.; Duric, N.; Green,
   D.; Heyer, M.; Wendker, H.; Zhang, Xizhen
1998JRASC..92...28G    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: The Low-Resolution DRAO Survey of H 1 Emission from the
    Galactic Plane
Authors: Higgs, L. A.; Tapping, K. F.
1997AAS...191.5004H    Altcode: 1997BAAS...29R1294H
  The survey of H 1 emission from the Galactic plane which is currently
  underway using the Synthesis Telescope at the Dominion Radio
  Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO), as a major part of the Canadian
  Galactic Plane Survey, requires single-dish observations of H 1
  emission to provide structural information that is missing from the
  interferometric observations (the so-called “short spacing” data). A
  fast H 1 line survey of about 1000 square degrees of the Galactic
  plane, which will be used for this purpose, is now being carried out
  using the DRAO 26-m Telescope. This survey of H 1 line emission will
  be fully sampled spatially, yielding nearly 25,000 spectra covering
  the velocity range of -260 km/s to 160 km/s. The survey covers the
  Galactic longitude range of 72.2arcdeg to 149arcdeg , between Galactic
  latitudes of -5.4arcdeg and 7.2arcdeg . The spectra have 512 channels
  with a resolution of 1.3 km/s. The survey will be completed in 1997
  and the data will then be corrected for the effects of sidelobe
  contamination. Initial results of the survey will be presented.

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Title: The DRAO Galactic Plane Survey Project
Authors: Dougherty, S. M.; Dewdney, P.; Galt, J.; Gray, A.; Higgs, L.;
   Landecker, T.; Purton, C.; Roger, R.; Tapping, K.; Willis, T.; Taylor,
   A. R.; Leahy, D.; Carignan, C.; St-Louis, N.; Fich, M.; Ghazzali,
   N.; Irwin, J.; Joncas, G.; Pineault, S.; Martin, P.; McCutcheon, W.;
   Routledge, D.; Vaneldik, F.; Matthews, H.; Moriarity-Scheiven, G.;
   Beichman, C.; Terebey, S.; Duric, N.; Green, D.; Heiles, C.; Heyer,
   M.; Langer, W.; Watson, D.; Wendker, H.; Zhang, X.
1996AAS...189.1704D    Altcode: 1996BAAS...28.1295D
  The Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory, in collaboration with a
  consortium of university astronomers, has begun a survey of the atomic
  hydrogen and radio continuum emission from our Milky Way galaxy. By
  constructing a mosaic of 186 synthesis fields, the survey will cover the
  region 75(deg) &lt; l &lt; 145(deg) and -3(deg) &lt; b &lt; +5(deg) ,
  with angular resolution of ~ 1'. Within this region the observations
  will yield an atomic hydrogen cube with 256 channels with velocity
  resolution of 1.2 km s(-1) , Stokes I, Q, U and V continuum images at
  1420 MHz and a Stokes I continuum image at 408 MHz. The DRAO survey
  is part of an international collaboration to image the Milky Way,
  at a common resolution, in emission from all major constituents of
  the interstellar medium; the neutral atomic gas, the molecular gas,
  the ionized gas, dust and relativistic plasma. For many of these
  constituents the angular resolution of the images will be more than a
  factor of 10 better than any previous studies. The aim is to produce a
  database of high resolution, high-dynamic range images of the Galaxy
  for multi-phase studies of the physical states and processes in the
  interstellar medium. We present some preliminary images from the survey
  project as well as highlights of some initial scientific results.

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Title: Flares and energy dissipation in solar active regions.
Authors: Tapping, K.
1996JRASC..90..322T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

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Title: The DRAO galactic plane survey project.
Authors: Taylor, A. R.; Leahy, D.; Carignan, C.; St-Louis, N.; Fich,
   M.; Ghazzali, N.; Irwin, J.; Joncas, G.; Pineault, S.; Martin, P.;
   McCutcheon, W.; Routledge, D.; Vaneldik, F.; Dewdney, P.; Dougherty,
   S.; Galt, J.; Gray, A.; Higgs, L.; Landecker, T.; Purton, C.; Roger,
   R.; Tapping, K.; Willis, T.; Matthews, H.; Moriarty-Schieven, G.;
   Crabtree, D.; Beichman, C.; Terebey, S.; Duric, N.; Green, D.; Heiles,
   C.; Heyer, M.; Langer, W.; Watson, D.; Wendker, H.; Zhang, X.
1996JRASC..90..326T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Schoolyard and backyard experiments in astronomy.
Authors: Tapping, K. F.
1995JRASC..89R.160T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Solar active regions and sources of the S-component.
Authors: Tapping, K. F.
1995JRASC..89..169T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Imaging the Sun at 21 cm: Budgetting the S-Component
Authors: Burke, I. E.; Tapping, K. F.
1995SoPh..157..295B    Altcode:
  On fourteen days in July and August 1992 and June 1993, we used the
  7-element synthesis radio telescope at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical
  Observatory to make full-disc, arc-min resolution images of the Sun
  at 21 cm, with the objective of budgetting the contributions to the
  slowly-varying component of solar radio emission. This instrument
  has the advantage that the mapping field at this wavelength is about
  2.5° wide. However, it has also the severe disadvantage that with
  only 12 hours to record each image, the brightness distribution is
  severely undersampled. This difficulty, along with solar rotation and
  declination motion during each observation, required development of
  special image correction procedures.

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Discrete microwave sources in solar active regions
Authors: Tapping, Kenneth Frank
1995PhDT.......112T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Solar microwave emission and coronal structure.
Authors: Tapping, K. F.
1994JRASC..88..253T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Limits to the Accuracy of the 10.7-CENTIMETER Flux
Authors: Tapping, K. F.; Charrois, D. P.
1994SoPh..150..305T    Altcode:
  The 10.7 cm flux data, which are widely used as an index of solar
  activity, are actually spot measurements of the solar flux density
  at 10.7 cm wavelength, made three times each day, usually at 17:00,
  20:00, and 23:00 UT. These values, or the 20:00 UT determination alone,
  are frequently used as the average flux for that day. Since each spot
  measurement takes about one hour to make, and the Sun's emissions at
  that wavelength can vary over time scales shorter than the intervals
  between the measurements, the data are unavoidably undersampled. Radio
  emissions from transient events, such as flares, are defined as
  contaminants of the flux, and largely-empirical procedures have evolved
  which are used to filter them from the data.

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: A Nearby Star
Authors: Tapping, K.
1994JRASC..88....1T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Slowly-Varying Microwave Emissions from the Solar Corona
Authors: Tapping, K. F.; Harvey, K. L.
1994svsp.coll..181T    Altcode: 1994IAUCo.143P.181T
  No abstract at ADS

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Change in the radiative output of the Sun in 1992 and its
    effect in the thermosphere
Authors: White, O. R.; Rottman, G. J.; Woods, T. N.; Knapp, B. G.;
   Keil, S. L.; Livingston, W. C.; Tapping, K. F.; Donnelly, R. F.;
   Puga, L. C.
1994JGR....99..369W    Altcode:
  Ground and space measurements of the solar spectral irradiance at radio,
  visible, UV, and X ray wavelengths show a large decline in the first 6
  months of 1992. This sustained drop in the solar output is important
  in understanding the connection between the emergent magnetic flux
  on the Sun and the radiative output as well as in understanding the
  effects of such change in the upper atmosphere of the earth. We present
  preliminary estimates of the observed changes as the means to spur
  inquiry into this solar event in the declining phase of solar cycle
  22. Typical decreases are 15% in Lyman alpha and 40% in 10.7-cm radio
  flux. Mass spectrometer and incoherent scatter model calculations at
  600 km in the thermosphere indicate a 30% decrease in the temperature
  and a 3X decrease in the density of the thermosphere near the altitude
  where both the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) and Hubble
  Space Telescope (HST) are flying. Decrease of the orbital period of
  the UARS shows the expected effect of decreasing density at flight
  altitude. Work in progress indicates that the output change results
  from the decline in solar magnetic flux to a lower level of activity
  in the southern hemisphere of the Sun.

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Mapping the Sun using the DRAO Synthesis Telescope.
Authors: Burke, I.; Tapping, K.
1993JRASC..87Q.177B    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: A model for non-thermal sources in solar active regions.
Authors: Tapping, K.
1993JRASC..87..209T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The sources of the slowly-varying component.
Authors: Tapping, K. F.; Madden, J. D.; Burke, I. E.
1992JRASC..86..276T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Adaptive potential drops as energy dissipators in solar
    magnetic structures.
Authors: Tapping, K. F.
1991JRASC..85..178T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Using the Radio Schmidt Telescope to Study Solar Active Regions
Authors: Tapping, K. F.
1991rst..work..155T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The Solar Radio Astronomy Programme at the National Research
    Council of Canada
Authors: Tapping, K. F.
1991BAAS...23.1039T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: A brief history of the Indian River Observatory radio
    interferometer.
Authors: Roy, Frank; Tapping, Ken
1990JRASC..84..260R    Altcode:
  The construction and evolution of a large amateur-built radiotelescope
  over the past 14 years is presented. To illustrate the improvements
  in sensitivity achieved during the project, examples of observations
  made with the instrument are described.

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The Origin of the 10.7-CM Flux
Authors: Tapping, K. F.; Detracey, B.
1990SoPh..127..321T    Altcode:
  We propose that when all sources on the solar disc are taken into
  account, the S component at 10.7 cm wavelength is dominated by thermal
  free-free (bremsstrahlung) emission. It is not produced only in the
  vicinity of sunspots; more than 60% of the total flux may be due
  to a widely-distributed emission associated with the hot complexes
  of activity. Using a model for the solar atmosphere based upon an
  assumption of weak (or vertical) magnetic fields, the spectrum of
  the S-component is calculated and its sensitivity to changes in
  the model parameters investigated. Variation of the thicknesses of
  the chromosphere, transition region and mixed zone cause only small
  changes in the S-component spectrum; there is a much stronger dependence
  upon the plasma density, particularly at the base of the corona. The
  behaviour of the S-component at 10.7 cm wavelength is examined in
  more detail. We find that the largest contribution to the 10.7 cm flux
  originates in the low corona, that structural changes affect it only
  slightly, but that it is strongly density-related. This dependence
  upon few quantities, together with its relative localization in the
  low corona, contributes to the usefulness of the 10.7 cm flux as an
  index of solar activity.

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Relationships Between Active Region Emissions at 2. 8cm and
    Indicators of Dynamic Processes
Authors: Tapping, K. F.
1989BAAS...21..828T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The 10.7-cm microwave observations of AR 5395 and related
    terrestrial effects
Authors: Gaizauskas, V.; Hughes, T. J.; Tapping, K. F.
1989dots.work..242G    Altcode:
  The 10.7 cm flux patrols in Canada recorded 4 Great Bursts (peaks
  greater than 500 sfu) during the disk passage of AR 5395 in March
  1989. The Great Bursts of 16 and 17 March were simple events of great
  amplitude and with half-life durations of only several minutes. Earlier
  Great Bursts, originating on 6 March towards the NE limb and on 10 March
  closer to the central meridian, belong to an entirely different category
  of event. Each started with a very strong impulsive event lasting just
  minutes. After an initial recovery, however, the emission climbed back
  to level as greater or greater than the initial impulsive burst. The
  events of 6 and 10 March stayed above the Great Burst threshold for
  at least 100 minutes. The second component of long duration in these
  cases is associated with Type 4 continuum emission and thus very likely
  with CMEs. Major geomagnetic disturbances did not occur as a result
  of the massive complex event of 6 March or the two simple but strong
  events of 16 and 17 March. But some 55 hours after the peak in the
  long-enduring burst of 10 March, a storm began which qualifies as the
  fourth strongest geomagnetic storm in Canada since 1932. The vertical
  component of the earth's field measured during the storm by a fluxgate
  magnetometer at a station in Manitoba is presented. Within a minute of
  the sudden commencement of this storm, a series of breakdowns began in
  the transmission system of Hydro-Quebec which resulted in a total loss
  of power, on a bitterly cold winter's day, for at least 10 hours. The
  loss of power provoked an enormous outcry from the public resulting
  in the power utilities being more receptive to the need to monitor
  solar as well as geomagnetic activity.

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The Origins of the 10.7-CM Solar Flux
Authors: Tapping, K. F.; Gaizauskas, V.
1988JRASC..82..280T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Compact Sites of Microwave Emission at 2.8 Centimeter
    Wavelength inside Solar Active Regions
Authors: Gaizauskas, V.; Tapping, K. F.
1988ApJ...325..912G    Altcode:
  The authors have located the positions of 59 hot, compact sources of
  2.8 cm emission in 28 active regions with respect to photospheric and
  chromospheric structures. The same regions were photographed at high
  spatial resolution on the same days through a wavelength-scanning
  Hα filter. Almost 90% of these compact sources are associated with
  either a plage or a polarity reversal (or both together); they are
  found in just part of a plage (or polarity reversal) which may be
  one of several in the same active region. The authors propose that
  the observed properties of these compact sources can be explained in
  terms of emission from current-driven instabilities which are excited
  by evolutionary stresses acting on active regions.

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The Thermal Contribution to the 10.7 cm Flux
Authors: Tapping, K.
1988srov.proc..135T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Search for X-Rays from the Region of the Aries-Perseus Flasher
Authors: Lewin, Walter H. G.; van Paradijs, Jan; Damen, Eugene;
   Jansen, Fred; McCall, Marshall L.; Feldman, P. A.; Tapping, K. F.
1987AJ.....94..429L    Altcode:
  The region containing the Perseus flasher (Katz et al., 1986) was
  observed for 5.4 hr with the EXOSAT observatory. Upper limits (2 σ
  levels of confidence) to a point source with a steady X-ray flux were
  2×10<SUP>-12</SUP>erg cm<SUP>-2</SUP>s<SUP>-1</SUP> (0.1 - 2 keV) and
  6×10<SUP>-12</SUP>erg cm<SUP>-2</SUP>s<SUP>-1</SUP> (1 - 20 keV). Upper
  limits (4 σ level of confidence) to X-ray flashes of ≡1 s duration
  were 4×10<SUP>-9</SUP>erg cm<SUP>-2</SUP>s<SUP>-1</SUP> (0.1 - 2 keV)
  and 7×10<SUP>-10</SUP>erg cm<SUP>-2</SUP>s<SUP>-1</SUP> (1 - 20 keV).

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Compact Sources of Microwave Emission at 2.8 cm Wavelength
    Inside Solar Active Regions
Authors: Gaizauskas, V.; Tapping, K. F.
1987BAAS...19..942G    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Microwave Emission from Evolving Active Regions
Authors: Tapping, K. F.
1987BAAS...19Q.943T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Recent solar radio astronomy at centimeter wavelengths:
    the temporal variability of the 10.7-cm flux.
Authors: Tapping, K. F.
1987JGR....92..829T    Altcode:
  Studies made by means of high-resolution radio telescopes indicate
  that solar centimetric emission contains contributions from many
  different sources and involves more than one radiation mechanism. Two
  emission components have been identified: bright, compact sources
  and weaker, diffuse emission which is distributed over the plage
  and surrounding areas of enhanced magnetic field. There is evidence
  for the occurrence of weaker but widely distributed radiation from
  elements of the active network. The good correlation between the 10.7-cm
  flux and shorter-wavelength indicators of solar activity, such as Ca
  II emission, suggests that gyromagnetic processes contribute little
  to the total centimetric flux. If the 10.7-cm flux is predominantly
  thermal (free-free) emission, its intensity will be a measure of the
  total amount of magnetic flux emerging through the photosphere and
  supporting density enhancements in the lower solar atmosphere.

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Solar VLBI of Compact Transient Sources
Authors: Tapping, K. F.
1986SoPh..104..199T    Altcode:
  Very Long Baseline Interferometry offers the only technique for
  resolving the transient compact sources which, according to an
  increasing weight of observational and theoretical evidence, occur
  during solar flares. In this paper we discuss the problems of applying
  VLBI to observing the Sun, the results obtained so far and how the
  technique may be effectively employed in future studies of compact
  emission structures in solar flares.

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: A double layer model for solar X-ray and microwave pulsations.
Authors: Tapping, K. F.
1986NASCP2449..445T    Altcode: 1986rfsf.nasa..445T
  The wide range of wavelengths over which quasi-periodic pulsations have
  been observed suggests that the mechanism causing them acts upon the
  supply of high energy electrons driving the emission processes. A model
  is described which is based upon the radial shrinkage of a magnetic
  flux tube. An instability takes place in the tube throat, resulting
  in the formation of a potential double layer, which then accelerates
  electrons and ions to MeV energies. The double layer can be unstable,
  collapsing and reforming repeatedly. The resulting pulsed particle
  beams give rise to pulsating emissions which are observed at radio
  and X-ray wavelengths.

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Solar VLBI.
Authors: Tapping, K. F.; Kuijpers, J.
1986NASCP2449..211T    Altcode: 1986rfsf.nasa..211T
  In April, 1981, radio telescopes at Dwingeloo (The Netherlands)
  and Onsala (Sweden) were used as a long-baseline interferometer at a
  wavelength of 18 cm. The baseline of 619 km gave a spatial resolution on
  the Sun of about 45 km. The major problems of Solar Very Long Baseline
  Interferometry are discussed.

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Rapid spectral and flux time variations in a solar burst
    observed at various dm-mm wavelengths and at hard X-rays.
Authors: Zodivaz, A. M.; Kaufmann, P.; Correia, E.; Costa, J. E. R.;
   Takakura, T.; Cliver, E. W.; Tapping, K. F.
1986NASCP2449..171Z    Altcode: 1986rfsf.nasa..171Z
  A solar burst was observed with high sensitivity and time resolution
  at cm-mm wavelengths by two different radio observatories; with high
  spectral time resolution at dm-cm wavelengths by patrol instruments;
  and at hard X-rays. The event appears to be build up by a first major
  injection of softer particles followed by other injections of harder
  particles. Ultrafast time structures were identified as superimposed
  to the burst emission at the cm-mm high sensitivity data and at X-rays,
  with predominant repetition rates ranging 2.0 - 3.5 Hz.

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: A torsional wave model for solar radio pulsations.
Authors: Tapping, K. F.
1983SoPh...87..177T    Altcode:
  One of the widely accepted models for solar radio pulsations invokes
  radial oscillations of a magnetic flux tube. Due to acoustic, radiative
  damping, this theory does not easily explain the long length of the
  pulse trains, the large modulation depths or the great stability of
  the pulse repetition rate often observed. Torsional waves efficiently
  modulate synchrotron emission, and since they do not undergo radiative
  damping, can produce stable pulse repetition rates and long pulse
  trains.

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: VLBI of solar flares
Authors: Tapping, K. F.; Kuijpers, J.; Kaastra, J. S.; van Nieuwkoop,
   J.; Graham, D.; Slottje, C.
1983A&A...122..177T    Altcode:
  From April 28 to May 3, 1981, a VLBI experiment was carried out
  to observe small spatial scales in the initial energy release
  in solar flares. The 25 m radio telescope at Onsala (Sweden) and
  Dwingeloo (Netherlands) were used; the observing wavelength was 18
  cm. Simultaneous observations were made using the Westerbork Synthesis
  Radio Telescope at a wavelength of 6 cm. The VLBI baseline was 619
  km. During the observing period, three weak outbursts were observed,
  none yielding any strong correlated signals. However, the statistical
  behaviour of the correlator output over the range of delay channels
  shows significant indications of a correlated signal having a signal
  to noise ratio of order unity, during the impulsive spikes preceding
  the main phase of the event.

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: A Beam Ratio Technique for Microwave Observation of S-Component
    Sources
Authors: Tapping, K. F.
1983SoPh...83..179T    Altcode:
  The fluctuations in the tropospheric attenuation constitute a major
  problem when S-component source variations are studied. On records made
  by means of `single beam' antenna systems, separating solar variations
  from spurious effects can be very difficult. The twin-beam, beam ratio
  technique circumvents this problem by deriving a ratio with respect
  to a reference beam which is identically affected by the tropospheric
  attenuation and by receiver gain variations.

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Very long baseline interferometry of solar flares
Authors: Kuijpers, J.; Tapping, K. F.; Graham, D.
1983ASSL..102..339K    Altcode: 1983ards.proc..339K; 1983IAUCo..71..339K
  An experimental VLBI search for the occurrence of subarcsecond
  microwave emission centers as tracers of the initial energy release in
  solar flares is discussed. The observations extended over the period
  April 28 to May 3, 1981, during which period three weak outbursts
  occurred. No large correlations were observed, but a strong indication
  of an unresolved source with a signal to noise ratio of order unity
  was found during the impulsive bursts preceding the main phase of
  one event. During the impulsive bursts the spread in number of the
  channel which showed the maximum correlation amplitude was reduced
  significantly below the value for random behavior. A clear reduction
  in the amount of scatter from the expectation value during impulsive
  bursts is shown. The derived brightness temperature is of the order 10
  to the 12th K; the probable error box for the source position is shown.

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Combined radio-optical observations of active solar regions
    associated with the S-component of solar miocrowave emission.
Authors: Gaizauskas, V.; Tapping, K. F.
1980JRASC..74..358G    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Long-lived microwave pulsations observed in a complex solar
    active region
Authors: Gaizauskas, V.; Tapping, K. F.
1980ApJ...241..804G    Altcode:
  Microwave pulsations were detected on Sept. 13, 1977 in the intense
  emission from a compact microwave source associated with the large,
  slowly rotating, and magnetically complex solar active region, McMath
  14943. These pulsations persisted over 5-1/2 hours, with the dominant
  repetition rate remaining close to 0.4 Hz; they were not associated with
  flare activity. The core of the microwave emission was located over a
  plage rather than over the major spot in the region. A mechanism for
  the pulsating source is proposed in which radial oscillations in an
  arched magnetic flux tube modulate the gyrosynchrotron emission from
  high energy electrons trapped in the tube.

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Persistent Quasi-Periodic Microwave Pulsations from a
    Non-Flaring Compact Source in a Complex Active Region
Authors: Gaizauskas, V.; Tapping, K. F.
1980BAAS...12..515G    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The February 1979 Solar Eclipse on Short Wave
Authors: Wiest, Chip; Tapping, Ken
1980JRASC..74L..40W    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Location of compact microwave sources with respect to
    concentrations of magnetic field in active solar regions
Authors: Gaizauskas, V.; Tapping, K. F.
1980IAUS...91...33G    Altcode:
  From September 1977 to July 1979, 28 active regions with compact
  microwave sources were examined by joint optical and radio
  observations. In 11 of the 28 observed regions, the compact microwave
  sources varied in intensity with time-scales from minutes to several
  hours by as much as 50%, neglecting obviously impulsive events. The
  brightness temperatures of the sources at 2.8 cm were in the range
  30,000 to more than 10 million K; for six sources, the brightness
  temperatures exceeded 2 million K. The results cannot be explained in
  terms of thermal emissive processes.

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Detection of a Compact Microwave Source in an Emerging
    Active Region
Authors: Gaizauskas, V.; Tapping, K. F.
1979BAAS...11..420G    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The Ottawa Centre's Radio Telescope
Authors: Tapping, Ken
1979JRASC..73L..12T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Meter wavelength pulsating bursts during the May 21, 1072,
    solar noise storm.
Authors: Tapping, K. F.
1978SoPh...59..145T    Altcode:
  During the May 21, 1972, noise storm, flux density measurements
  were made, at a frequency of 140 MHz, of 14 pulsating bursts. These
  comprised trains of up to 20 pulses, having pulse repetition rates of
  up to 15 s<SUP>−1</SUP>.

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Amateur Radio Astronomy Part I
Authors: Tapping, K. F.
1978JRASC..72L...5T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Amateur Radio Astronomy Part II
Authors: Tapping, K. F.
1978JRASC..72L..22T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Amateur Radio Astronomy Part III
Authors: Tapping, K. F.
1978JRASC..72L..38T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Amateur Radio Astronomy Part IV
Authors: Tapping, K. F.
1978JRASC..72L..60T    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The Distribution Of Solar Radio Flux: Levels And Oscillatory
    Bursts
Authors: Tapping, K. F.
1976JBAA...87...51T    Altcode: 1976JBIS...87...51T
  A large collection of regular solar radio measurements conducted over
  11 years at six observing frequencies is used to derive models for the
  rates of occurrence of type I and type IV events at discrete observing
  frequencies. Variations of the occurrence distribution parameter with
  frequency are examined, and it is found that normalized flux-density
  values have an exponential distribution. A linear relation between
  distribution parameter and frequency is obtained for frequencies
  above 120 MHz. The observed deviation from this relation below 120
  MHz is attributed to the possibility that type I and type IV emissive
  centers are no longer optically thick below about 100 MHz. Two typical
  examples of oscillatory bursts recorded at 136 MHz are discussed, and
  it is suggested that these bursts could be caused by the same mechanism
  responsible for type III events; i.e., excitation of coronal plasma
  by jets of high-energy electrons produced in the lower corona or the
  chromosphere. The origin of the high-energy electrons is considered.

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Solar and solar system activity.
Authors: Langton, R. J. J.; Smith, J. R.; Tapping, K. F.
1973JBAA...83..138L    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS

---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Solar and solar system activity.
Authors: Langton, R. J. J.; Smith, J. R.; Tapping, K. F.
1972JBAA...82..379L    Altcode:
  No abstract at ADS